Cortical control of sound localization in the cat: Unilateral cooling deactivation of 19 cerebral areas
Cortical control of sound localization in the cat: Unilateral cooling deactivation of 19 cerebral areas
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.01205.2003
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Lomber, SG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malhotra, S;Hall, AJ;Lomber, SG
我们检测了成年猫在初级听觉皮质(AI)或其他18个大脑位点中的1个位置单侧可逆降温失活期间准确定位和接近声刺激的能力。在注意到中央视觉刺激后，猫学会了定位到从中央扬声器或沿水平面定位的12个外围位置(间隔15度)发出的100毫秒宽带白噪声刺激。28只猫在多个大脑部位植入了2到6个冷冻环。在听皮质内，AI、后听野(PAF)或前外胚层沟(AES)的单侧失活导致对侧野的定向障碍。然而，单侧去激活前听野、第二听皮层或腹后听野不会导致定向任务的缺陷。在多感觉皮层中，无论是腹侧或背侧的后外胚层皮质，还是7区的前后区，单侧的失活都不会导致任何的功能障碍。在单侧降温时，听觉或多感觉皮质两侧的五个视区：后或前II鞍上沟、后上沟或背侧或腹侧后上回均未发现缺陷。在运动皮质，我们发现在单侧冷却时，对侧区5(5L)或内侧区6(6M)的定向缺陷，而不是内侧区5或外侧区6。在对照视觉定向任务中，5L区和6M区也对对侧视野中呈现的视觉刺激产生缺陷。因此，在单侧去激活区5L或6M时发现的声音局部化缺陷不是单峰的，很可能是运动而不是知觉损伤的结果。总体而言，听觉皮质中的三个区域(AI、PAF、AES)对于通过定向进行准确的声音定位至关重要。
We examined the ability of mature cats to accurately orient to, and approach, an acoustic stimulus during unilateral reversible cooling deactivation of primary auditory cortex ( AI) or 1 of 18 other cerebral loci. After attending to a central visual stimulus, the cats learned to orient to a 100-ms broad-band, white-noise stimulus emitted from a central speaker or 1 of 12 peripheral sites ( at 15degrees intervals) positioned along the horizontal plane. Twenty-eight cats had two to six cryoloops implanted over multiple cerebral loci. Within auditory cortex, unilateral deactivation of AI, the posterior auditory field (PAF) or the anterior ectosylvian sulcus (AES) resulted in orienting deficits throughout the contralateral field. However, unilateral deactivation of the anterior auditory field, the second auditory cortex, or the ventroposterior auditory field resulted in no deficits on the orienting task. In multisensory cortex, unilateral deactivation of neither ventral or dorsal posterior ectosylvian cortices nor anterior or posterior area 7 resulted in any deficits. No deficits were identified during unilateral cooling of the five visual regions flanking auditory or multisensory cortices: posterior or anterior ii suprasylvian sulcus, posterior suprasylvian sulcus or dorsal or ventral posterior suprasylvian gyrus. In motor cortex, we identified contralateral orienting deficits during unilateral cooling of lateral area 5 (5L) or medial area 6 (6m) but not medial area 5 or lateral area 6. In a control visual-orienting task, areas 5L and 6m also yielded deficits to visual stimuli presented in the contralateral field. Thus the sound-localization deficits identified during unilateral deactivation of area 5L or 6m were not unimodal and are most likely the result of motor rather than perceptual impairments. Overall, three regions in auditory cortex ( AI, PAF, AES) are critical for accurate sound localization as assessed by orienting.