Cocaine and heroin interact differently with nondrug reinforcers in a choice situation.
Cocaine and heroin interact differently with nondrug reinforcers in a choice situation.
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在选择情况下，可卡因和海洛因与非药物强化剂的相互作用不同。
DOI：
10.1037/pha0000674
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发表时间：
2024
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kearns,DavidN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Beasley,MadelineM;Amantini,Sarah;Gunawan,Tommy;Silberberg,Alan;Kearns,DavidN
本研究使用大鼠选择模型来测试可卡因或海洛因如何与两种不同的非药物替代物沿着替代互补连续体经济地相互作用。在实验1中，非药物的替代方案是负向回避时间（TOA），也就是说，大鼠可以按下一个杠杆，以获得一段时间的安全脚电击。一组老鼠在可卡因和TOA之间选择，另一组在海洛因和TOA之间选择。在控制潜在的收入影响的同时，跨阶段操纵了价格的相对价格。当可卡因作为替代品时，大鼠对价格变化的反应是增加其对更昂贵选项的行为分配，从而在不同价格下保持可卡因和TOA替代品的相对比例摄入，这表明这些替代品在这里是互补的。相反，当海洛因变得相对便宜时，大鼠增加了对海洛因的收入分配，减少了对TOA的收入分配，这表明海洛因取代了安全性。此外，当海洛因容易获得时，大鼠愿意接受更多的电击。在实验2中，非药物的替代品是糖精，一种积极的兴奋剂。海洛因和糖精是互补的，但价格变化对可卡因和糖精之间的行为分配没有一致的影响。作为人类药物使用过程的模型，这些结果表明，药物使用行为取决于药物的类型，可用的非药物替代品的类型，以及两者的价格。（PsycInfo数据库记录（c）2024阿帕，保留所有权利）
The present study used a rat choice model to test how cocaine or heroin economically interacted with two different nondrug reinforcers along the substitute-to-complement continuum. In Experiment 1, the nondrug alternative was the negative reinforcer timeout-from-avoidance (TOA)—that is, rats could press a lever to obtain a period of safety from footshock. One group of rats chose between cocaine and TOA and another group chose between heroin and TOA. The relative prices of the reinforcers were manipulated across phases while controlling for potential income effects. When cocaine was the reinforcer, rats reacted to price changes by increasing their allocation of behavior to the more expensive option, thereby maintaining relatively proportional intake of cocaine and TOA reinforcers across prices, suggesting these reinforcers were complements here. In contrast, when heroin became relatively cheap, rats increased allocation of income to heroin and decreased allocation of income to TOA, suggesting that heroin substituted for safety. Additionally, rats were willing to accept more footshocks when heroin was easily available. In Experiment 2, the nondrug alternative was saccharin, a positive reinforcer. Heroin and saccharin were complements, but there was no consistent effect of price changes on the allocation of behavior between cocaine and saccharin. As a model of the processes that could be involved in human drug use, these results show that drug-taking behavior depends on the type of drug, the type of nondrug alternative available, and the prices of both.(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved)