Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent, radio-opaque, and paramagnetic silica nanoparticles for multimodal bioimaging applications
Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent, radio-opaque, and paramagnetic silica nanoparticles for multimodal bioimaging applications
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DOI：
10.1002/adma.200500018
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发表时间：
2005-09-16
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Mericle, RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Santra, S;Bagwe, RP;Mericle, RA
近年来，基于纳米颗粒的探针作为生物系统的标签取得了巨大的成功，并在生物成像、[1±13]诊断、[14,15]和治疗方面显示出巨大的潜力。[1,14,16±18]近年来，多模态纳米颗粒探针在体内疾病诊断和治疗中的应用需求显著增加。多模态纳米粒子探针具有以多种模式成像细胞、组织和其他靶器官的潜力。诊断性神经成像技术，如血管造影、计算机断层扫描（CT）和磁共振成像（MRI），广泛用于监测解剖变化（指示疾病发展）和疾病诊断。[19±24]在进行这些诊断测试时，通常对患者使用造影剂来区分病理组织和健康组织。例如，放射性不透明造影剂，如碘己醇（也称为Omnipaque）和碘沙醇（也称为Visipaque）通常用于血管造影和CT扫描。由于放射不透明，这些造影剂在x射线源下清晰可见。顺磁MRI造影剂，如Gadodiamide (Omniscan), Gadoteridol （Gd-HP-DO3A，一种钆螯合物，也称为Prohance）和mangafodipir三钠（一种锰螯合物，也称为Teslascan），同样用于人体应用。现有的非侵入性诊断技术如三维CT和MRI通常用于脑肿瘤的诊断。然而，在手术过程中，这些技术不允许用肉眼直接和粗略地观察肿瘤组织。因此，需要开发出能够实时指导手术切除肿瘤的造影剂。大多数不成功的脑肿瘤手术最终导致严重的神经功能障碍，主要是由于在肿瘤边界的划定方面缺乏技术进步。因此，获得一种符合现有造影剂所有标准的造影剂是非常可取的，除此之外，它还能提供实时指导，使外科医生在手术过程中能够清楚地看到肿瘤。
Nanoparticle-based probes have found tremendous success in recent years as labels in biological systems and have shown great potential for bioimaging,[1±13] diagnostic,[14, 15] and therapeutic purposes.[1, 14, 16±18] Recently, the demand for the development of multimodal nanoparticle probes for in-vivo disease diagnosis and therapy has increased significantly. Multimodal nanoparticle probes have the potential for imaging cells, tissues, and other target organs in multiple modes. Diagnostic neuroimaging techniques, such as angiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), are widely used for monitoring changes in anatomy (indicative of disease development) and also for disease diagnosis.[19±24] While performing these diagnostic tests, contrast agents are often administered to patients to delineate pathological tissue from healthy tissue. For example, radio-opaque contrast agents such as iohexol (also called Omnipaque) and iodixanol (also called Visipaque) are routinely used for angiography and CT scans. Due to the radio-opacity, these contrast agents are clearly visualized under an X-ray source. Paramagnetic MRI contrast agents, such as Gadodiamide (known as Omniscan), Gadoteridol (Gd-HP-DO3A, a gadolinium chelate complex, also known as Prohance), and mangafodipir trisodium (a manganese chelate complex, also known as Teslascan), are similarly used in human applications.Existing non-invasive diagnostic techniques such as threedimensional CT and MRI are routinely used for diagnosis of brain tumors. These techniques, however, do not allow the direct and gross visualization of tumor tissue with the naked eye during a surgical procedure. Therefore, there is a demand to develop contrast agents that will provide surgical guidance for the tumor resection in real time. Most of the unsuccessful brain tumor surgeries that ended up with major neurological disabilities were primarily due to the lack of technological advancement in demarcating tumor boundaries. It would thus be highly desirable to obtain a contrast agent that would meet all the criteria of existing contrast agents, and, in addition to that, it would provide real-time guidance in a way that surgeons could clearly visualize the tumor during the surgical procedure.