Sexual orientation and diurnal cortisol patterns in a cohort of U.S. young adults.
Sexual orientation and diurnal cortisol patterns in a cohort of U.S. young adults.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.04.012
复制
发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Scherer EA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Austin SB;Rosario M;McLaughlin KA;Roberts AL;Gordon AR;Sarda V;Missmer S;Anatale-Tardiff L;Scherer EA
美国的性少数群体遭受欺凌、歧视和暴力侵害的风险较高，所有压力源都与心理和行为压力反应有关，包括抑郁和焦虑症状以及药物滥用。急性和慢性应激源也可能引发生理应激反应，包括下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质（HPA）轴调节的变化。然而，很少有研究探讨少数群体性取向与昼夜皮质醇模式之间的关系。本研究纳入了“今日成长研究”（一项美国青少年前瞻性队列）中的 1670 名 18-32 岁年轻人（69% 女性，31% 男性）。参与者在一天内提供了五个唾液样本来估计昼夜皮质醇模式。性取向群体包括：没有同性伴侣的完全异性恋（参考）、有同性伴侣的完全异性恋/大部分异性恋、以及男同性恋/女同性恋/双性恋。协变量包括过去一个月的感知压力和压力生活事件。使用对数转换皮质醇值的性别分层多级模型来模拟昼夜皮质醇模式，并使用广义估计方程来模拟曲线下面积 (AUC)，包括相对于地面 (AUCg) 和增加 (AUCi) 的曲线下面积 (AUC)。在女性中，性少数群体在过去一个月中承受的生活压力事件明显多于异性恋群体。在调整后的多水平模型中，性取向与女性或男性的昼夜皮质醇模式或 AUCg 或 AUCi 没有显着相关性。性取向和压力生活事件之间没有显着的相互作用。在调整所有协变量后，随时间变化的负面情绪与女性和男性参与者全天较高的皮质醇水平显着相关。这项针对大量美国年轻人的研究并未发现性取向与昼夜皮质醇模式之间的关系。尽管一致的证据表明，与异性恋者相比，性少数群体在整个生命过程中遭受多种形式的压力源和逆境的暴露程度更高，但我们没有发现性取向导致的昼夜皮质醇节律存在差异。一种可能的解释是，研究中的性少数参与者表现出了生理弹性。
Sexual minorities in the United States are at elevated risk of bullying, discrimination, and violence victimization, all stressors that have been linked to psychological and behavioral stress responses including depressive and anxious symptoms and substance use. Acute and chronic stressors may also elicit physiologic stress responses, including changes in the regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis. Few studies, however, have examined the relationship between minority sexual orientation and diurnal cortisol patterns. The present study included 1670 young adults ages 18–32 years (69% female, 31% male) from the Growing Up Today Study, a prospective cohort of U.S. youth. Participants provided five saliva samples over one day to estimate diurnal cortisol patterns. Sexual orientation groups included: completely heterosexual with no same-sex partners (referent), completely heterosexual with same-sex partners/mostly heterosexual, and gay/lesbian/bisexual. Covariates included perceived stress and stressful life events in the past month. Sex-stratified multilevel models of log-transformed cortisol values were used to model diurnal cortisol patterns, and generalized estimating equations were used to model area under the curve (AUC), both with respect to ground (AUCg) and increase (AUCi). Among females, sexual minorities reported significantly more stressful life events in the past month than their heterosexual counterparts. In adjusted multilevel models, sexual orientation was not significantly associated with diurnal cortisol patterns or with AUCg or AUCi in either females or males. There were no significant interactions between sexual orientation and stressful life events. Time-varying negative mood was significantly associated with higher cortisol levels across the day for both female and male participants, after adjusting for all covariates. This study from a large cohort of U.S. young adults did not detect a relationship between sexual orientation and diurnal cortisol patterns. Despite consistent evidence indicating that, compared to heterosexuals, sexual minorities experience elevated exposure to multiple forms of stressors and adversity across the life course, we did not find differences in diurnal cortisol rhythms by sexual orientation. One possible explanation is that sexual minority participants in the study exhibited physiologic resilience.