Modulating the Use of Multiple Memory Systems in Value-based Decisions with Contextual Novelty
Modulating the Use of Multiple Memory Systems in Value-based Decisions with Contextual Novelty
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DOI：
10.1162/jocn_a_01447
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Shohamy, Daphna
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duncan, Katherine;Semmler, Annika;Shohamy, Daphna
有了多种学习和记忆系统，人类大脑可以以多种方式再现过去，从提取相似经历的记忆（增量学习）到存储单个事件的丰富、独特的细节（情景记忆）。这些神经学上不同形式的记忆所携带的独特信息可以使我们的行为偏向不同的方向，从而提出了关于这些记忆系统如何相互作用以指导选择以及导致一个人占主导地位的因素的关键问题。在这里，我们设计了一种新的方法来估计决策是如何独立地受到情景记忆和增量学习的影响。此外，我们还发现了一个生物学上的动机因素，它会使不同记忆类型的使用产生偏差，即对新奇与熟悉的检测。与胆碱能记忆调制的计算模型相一致，我们发现，选择更多地受到情景记忆的影响，在识别一个不相关的熟悉图像之后，但更多地受到检测到一个新图像之后的增量学习值的影响。这项工作提供了一种新的行为工具，能够消除被认为是由不同的神经系统支持的关键记忆行为的歧义，同时还确定了一个理论上重要的和广泛适用的操纵，以偏置这两个记忆来源之间的仲裁。
With multiple learning and memory systems at its disposal, the human brain can represent the past in many ways, from extracting regularities across similar experiences (incremental learning) to storing rich, idiosyncratic details of individual events (episodic memory). The unique information carried by these neurologically distinct forms of memory can bias our behavior in different directions, raising crucial questions about how these memory systems interact to guide choice and the factors that cause one to dominate. Here, we devised a new approach to estimate how decisions are independently influenced by episodic memories and incremental learning. Furthermore, we identified a biologically motivated factor that biases the use of different memory types-the detection of novelty versus familiarity. Consistent with computational models of cholinergic memory modulation, we find that choices are more influenced by episodic memories following the recognition of an unrelated familiar image but more influenced by incrementally learned values after the detection of a novel image. Together this work provides a new behavioral tool enabling the disambiguation of key memory behaviors thought to be supported by distinct neural systems while also identifying a theoretically important and broadly applicable manipulation to bias the arbitration between these two sources of memories.