POPULATIONAL HERITABILITY
POPULATIONAL HERITABILITY
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群体遗传力
DOI：
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发表时间：
1981
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Slatkin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Slatkin
群体或流行间选择作为进化力量的潜在重要性取决于局部遗传分化的潜力。如果当地人群之间存在显着的遗传差异，那么毫无疑问，基于这些差异的选择可以导致遗传变化。理论研究应该仔细研究能够建立和维持局部遗传差异的机制，因为群体选择，无论多么强烈，在没有这些差异的情况下都无法发挥作用。本研究的目的是检验当地人群中种群间数量性状平均值的遗传差异是如何建立和维持的。我将证明这个过程可以很容易地通过细分群体中各行之间的方差划分来理解。对群体特征的分析导致了“群体遗传力”的定义，这类似于数量遗传学中使用的遗传力。群体遗传力的概念在数量遗传学中是众所周知的，类似于“家族平均遗传力”（Falconer，1960，第 13 章）。但它与群体选择的进化问题无关。本文部分是出于对群体选择的一般考虑，部分是由 Wade 和 McCauley (1980) 进行的一组关于赤拟谷盗群体间遗传差异的实验。这些实验提供了一个特定的背景，可以在其中讨论更普遍的问题和数据，以便与本文提出的简单理论的预测进行比较。 Wade 和 McCauley 使用 45 天后从指定数量的成虫开始的种群中获得的成虫数量作为种群特征。这显然是一个复杂的属性，它与内在增长率有关，并且由每个种群中所有个体之间的相互作用决定。 Wade (1979) 以及 McCauley 和 Wade (1980) 已经表明，这种特性不能归因于个体的单一表型变化。尽管如此，我将证明，WadeMcCauley 实验结果的许多定性和定量特征可以使用定量特征的加性模型来预测。
The potential importance of group or interdemic selection as an evolutionary force depends on the potential for local genetic differentiation. If there are significant genetic differences among local populations, there can be little doubt that selection based on those differences can lead to genetic change. Theoretical studies should examine carefully the mechanisms that can establish and maintain local genetic differences, since group selection, no matter how intense, cannot act in the absence of those differences. The purpose of this study is to examine how between-population genetic differences in the average value of a quantitative character are established and maintained in local populations. I will show that this process can be easily understood in terms of the partitioning of variance among lines in a subdivided population. The analysis of a populational characteristic leads to the definition of the "populational heritability," which is analogous to the heritability used in quantitative genetics. The idea of populational heritability is well known in quantitative genetics and is similar to the "heritability of the family mean" (Falconer, 1960, Ch. 13). But it has not been related to the evolutionary problem of group selection. This paper is partly motivated by general considerations of group selection and partly by a set of experiments by Wade and McCauley (1980) on the establishment of between-population genetic differences in Tribolium castaneum. These experiments provide a particular context in which to discuss the more general problem and data with which to compare the predictions of the simple theory developed in this paper. Wade and McCauley used as a populational characteristic the numbers of adults obtained after 45 days from populations that were started from specified numbers of adults. This is obviously a complex property, which is related to the intrinsic rate of increase and which is determined by the interactions among all the individuals in each population. Wade (1979) and McCauley and Wade (1980) have shown that this property cannot be attributed to a single phenotypic change in individuals. Nevertheless, I will show that many of the qualitative and quantitative features of the results of the WadeMcCauley experiments can be predicted using an additive model of a quantitative character.