Recovery of an antidepressant from pharmaceutical wastes using ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems
Recovery of an antidepressant from pharmaceutical wastes using ionic liquid-based aqueous biphasic systems
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本研究旨在开发一种利用基于离子液体(IL)的双水相体系(ABS)从制药废物中回收有价值药物的可持续工艺。由于在制药废物中，赋形剂是主要污染物，寻找消除它们的选择性途径具有原始意义，为此，对基于IL的ABS进行了评估。研究了不同工艺参数，即萃取体系中IL性质、pH和混合物组成的影响，并对工艺进行了优化，以最大限度地从制药废物中提取抗抑郁药。此外，评估了使用这种系统能够处理的阿米替林的最大量。本文研究的ABS具有很高的萃取性能，阿米替林分配系数的对数函数在2.41±0.05~2.5之间，萃取效率在66%±1%~100%之间。在综合多步净化工艺的开发中，考虑了最佳的ABS和工艺条件。该方法包括三个主要步骤：从ADT 25药丸中固-液提取抗抑郁剂，用优化的白介素基ABS进行纯化，用抗溶剂沉淀分离抗抑郁剂。在第一步去除了大部分水不溶赋形剂后，用选定的IL-基ABS，有可能进一步去除水溶性污染物。具有较高的萃取和纯化能力，实现了盐酸阿米替林与固体药用废物中主要污染物的选择性分离。最后，用反溶剂沉淀法成功地实现了阿米替林的纯态分离。
This study is aimed at developing a sustainable process for the recovery of valuable drugs from pharmaceutical wastes using ionic liquid (IL)-based aqueous biphasic systems (ABS). Because in pharmaceutical wastes, excipients represent the major contaminants, the search for selective routes for their elimination is of primordial relevance and for that purpose IL-based ABS were evaluated. The effects of different process parameters, namely the IL nature, pH and mixture composition used in the extraction system, were studied and the process was optimized to maximize the extraction of the antidepressant from pharmaceutical wastes. Moreover, the maximum amount of amitriptyline able to be processed using such systems was assessed. The set of ABS investigated herein revealed a high extraction performance, as indicated by the outstanding logarithmic functions of the amitriptilyne partition coefficients ranging from 2.41 ± 0.05 to >2.5 and extraction efficiencies between 66% ± 1% and 100%. The best ABS and conditions were considered in the development of an integrated multi-step purification process. The process here proposed comprises three main stages as follows: the solid–liquid extraction of the antidepressant from ADT 25 pills, its purification using the optimal IL-based ABS and the antidepressant isolation by precipitation with anti-solvent. After the removal of most water insoluble excipients in the first step, with the selected IL-based ABS, it was possible to further eliminate water soluble contaminants. A high capability of extraction and purification, leading to the selective separation of amitriptyline hydrochloride from the main contaminants contained in solid pharmaceutical wastes was achieved. Finally, the isolation of the amitriptilyne in a pure state was successfully accomplished through precipitation with the anti-solvent.