Defending the Right Lines of Division: Ritzer's Prosumer Capitalism in the Age of Commercial Customer Surveillance and Big Data
Defending the Right Lines of Division: Ritzer's Prosumer Capitalism in the Age of Commercial Customer Surveillance and Big Data
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捍卫正确的分界线：商业客户监控和大数据时代里策的产消者资本主义
DOI：
10.1111/tsq.12101
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
D. Zwick
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Zwick
在最近的一组文章中，包括本专题中的一篇，乔治·里策尔（参见，例如，里策尔和尤根森2010；里策尔即将出版）一直在为资本主义提出一种新的宏大叙事。在这个宏大的叙事中，资本主义最初是一种主要以大规模生产新模式为特征的经济体系。在二十世纪，资本主义越来越多地以关注和创新（大众）消费模式为特征（参见Ritzer 1998, 1999）。里策尔提出，二十一世纪刚刚起步，资本主义发展进入了下一个阶段。这一阶段的特点是组织生产和消费的新形式。在资本主义的前两个阶段，即生产者资本主义和消费者资本主义阶段，经济活动的两个主要领域，即生产和消费，仍然是截然不同的，而且往往在空间和时间上是分开的活动，而资本主义的当前阶段涉及到生产和消费的相互关系，用里策尔的话来说，“这变得很困难，如果不是不可能，清晰而明确地将两者区分开来”（Ritzer 2015:414）。早在消费成为当代资本主义组织主题的热情拥抱之前，托夫勒（1980）和里策尔（1993）就认为，尽管从两个不同的角度出发，对其历史演变存在分歧（见里策尔2009），我们已经进入了消费时代（见Denegri-Knott和Zwick 2012）。虽然消费作为一种生产活动并不新鲜——事实上，Ritzer认为消费一直都存在，但消费作为一种理论和描述性的概念是最近才出现的。托夫勒早在30多年前就首次讨论了产消费经济的兴起，但直到21世纪，产消费经济的概念才受到重大关注。Tapscott和Williams（2006）以及Prahalad和Ramaswamy（2002,2002）是最早的评论者之一，顺便提一下，这四个人都是作为商业学者进入这个话题的，他们把消费（或者Prahalad和Ramaswamy的共同创造）的概念发展得更概念化。
In a set of recent essays, including the one in this special section, George Ritzer (see also, e.g., Ritzer and Jurgenson 2010; Ritzer forthcoming) has been advancing a new grand narrative for capitalism. In this grand narrative, capitalism started out as an economic system mainly characterized by new modes of mass production. During the twentieth century, capitalism became more and more characterized by concerns over, and innovations in the modes of, (mass) consumption (see here also Ritzer 1998, 1999). Ritzer proposes that the young twenty-first century has ushered in the next stage of capitalist development. This stage is characterized by a novel form of organizing production and consumption. While in the two previous stages of capitalism, the stages of producer capitalism and consumer capitalism, the two main spheres of economic activity, namely production and consumption, remained quite distinct and often spatially and temporally separate activities, the current stage of capitalism involves the interrelationship of production and consumption in such a way that, in Ritzer’s words, “it becomes difficult, if not impossible, to clearly and unequivocally distinguish one from the other” (Ritzer 2015:414). Long before the enthusiastic embrace of prosumption as an organizing theme of contemporary capitalism, Toffler (1980) and Ritzer (1993) argued, albeit from two different vantage points and with disagreements over its historical evolution (see Ritzer 2009), that we have entered the age of prosumption (see Denegri-Knott and Zwick 2012). While prosumption as a productive activity is not new—indeed, Ritzer suggests that there has always been prosumption—prosumption as a theoretical and descriptive concept emerged much more recently. Toffler first discussed the rise of a prosumer economy more than 30 years ago, yet it was not until the twenty-first century that the idea of the prosumer economy received significant attention. Tapscott and Williams (2006) and Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2000, 2002) were among the first commentators, incidentally all four coming to the topic as business scholars, to develop the idea of prosumption (or co-creation for Prahalad and Ramaswamy) in more conceptual,