Experiments on Distribution and Activation of the Nephrogenic Potency in the Embryonic Mesenchyme
Experiments on Distribution and Activation of the Nephrogenic Potency in the Embryonic Mesenchyme
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胚胎间充质肾源能力的分布和激活实验
DOI：
10.1086/physzool.15.4.30151653
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发表时间：
1942
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
P. Gruenwald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
P. Gruenwald
本报告中讨论的实验是早期研究的延续，该研究涉及沃尔夫管对鸡胚泌尿生殖道其他部分的形态发生作用（1937）。在之前的调查中，对沃尔夫管的破坏或中断的后果进行了研究，该后果是由对管的生长端或进一步的颅骨水平的电解损伤所产生的。人们发现，与 Boyden (1927) 的早期结果和 Waddington (1938) 后来的实验一致，肾源性组织分化为中肾仅发生在该组织与沃尔夫管接触的地方。实验胚胎一直存活到孵化第十二天，显示输尿管芽和后肾胚基之间存在类似的关系。如果沃尔夫管破坏后，相应的输尿管芽缺失，则后者完全无法分化为肾单位。在其向下生长过程中，发现米勒管跟随沃尔夫管，因此尾部不存在后者破坏或中断的水平。在没有沃尔夫管和中肾的情况下，性腺和肾上腺皮质正常发育。通过将这些结果与人类泌尿生殖道的常见畸形进行比较，发现人类胚胎中也存在相同的发育关系（1938）；关于永久性肾脏，人类胚胎输尿管芽发育不全早期的发现进一步说明了这一点（1939）。至于米勒管，最近一项关于其与人类和鸡胚胎中沃尔夫管的关系的研究（i94Ib）表明，在米勒管向下生长时，两个管的拓扑关系非常接近，以至于不必假设沃尔夫管的诱导作用可以解释上述效应。在本系列实验中，尝试测试间充质除了正常形成中肾或后肾肾单位之外的肾生成能力。移植物被引入到沃尔夫管在向泄殖腔生长过程中通常必须经过的位置，并且希望该管能够穿过移植物或在其周围生长，从而与通常远离泌尿器官形成位置的间充质接触。除了与这个原始问题相关的结果外，还将描述有关在没有沃尔夫管的情况下肾源性组织发育的新发现。有关这些主题的文献已在较早的报告（1937）中讨论过，因此不会再次回顾。
THE THE experiments to be discussed in this report are a continuation of an earlier investigation on the morphogenetic action of the Wolffian duct upon other parts of the embryonic urogenital tract in the chick embryo (1937). In that previous investigation the consequences of destruction or interruption of the Wolffian duct had been studied as produced by electrolytic damage to the growing end or further cranial levels of the duct. It had been found, in agreement with earlier results of Boyden (1927) and later experiments of Waddington (1938), that differentiation of the nephrogenic tissue into mesonephros took place only where that tissue was in contact with the Wolffian duct. Experimental embryos kept living up to the twelfth day of incubation showed a similar relation between ureteric bud and metanephric blastema. The latter failed completely to differentiate into nephrons if, after destruction of the Wolffian duct, the respective ureteric bud was missing. In its downward growth the Mtillerian duct was found to follow the Wolffian duct and was therefore absent caudal to the level of destruction or interruption of the latter. Gonads and adrenal cortex developed normally in the absence of Wolffian duct and mesonephros. It was shown by comparing these results with the common malformations of the human urogenital tract that the same developmental relations prevail in the human embryo (1938); concerning the permanent kidney, this was further illustrated by the findings in an early stage of agenesis of the ureteric buds in a human embryo (1939). As to the Miillerian duct, a recent investigation of its relation to the Wolffian duct in human and chick embryos (i94Ib) has revealed that the topographical relations of the two ducts are so close at the time of the downward growth of the Miillerian duct that no inducing action of the Wolffian duct has to be assumed to account for the above-mentioned effect. In the present series of experiments an attempt was made to test the nephrogenic power of mesenchyme other than that normally forming mesonephric or metanephric nephrons. Grafts were introduced in a place through which the Wolffian duct would normally have to pass during its growth toward the cloaca, and it was hoped that the duct would grow either through the graft or around it, thus being in contact with mesenchyme normally far away from the place of formation of urinary organs. In addition to results pertaining to this original question, new findings concerning the development of nephrogenic tissue in the absence of the Wolffian duct will also be described. The literature on these subjects was discussed in an earlier report (1937) and will therefore not be reviewed again.