Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition
Cannabidiol (CBD) content in vaporized cannabis does not prevent tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-induced impairment of driving and cognition
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DOI：
10.1007/s00213-019-05246-8
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发表时间：
2019-09-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
McGregor, Iain S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arkell, Thomas R.;Lintzeris, Nicholas;McGregor, Iain S.
背景 大麻的主要精神活性成分 delta-9-四氢大麻酚 (THC) 会损害驾驶性能。大麻二酚 (CBD) 是一种无毒的大麻成分，被认为可以减轻 THC 的某些副作用。那么，相对于以 THC 为主的大麻，含有同等 CBD 和 THC 的大麻可能会对驾驶和认知产生不同的影响。目的 本研究调查并比较了以 THC 为主的大麻和 THC/CBD 等效大麻对模拟驾驶和认知表现的影响。方法 在随机、双盲、受试者内交叉设计中，有轻度大麻使用史的健康志愿者 (n = 14) 参加了三个门诊实验测试课程，其中在蒸发 125 毫克 THC 主要成分（11% THC；< 1% CBD）、THC/CBD 等效物（11% THC、 11% CBD）或安慰剂（< 1% THC/CBD）大麻。结果/成果两种活性大麻类型在跟车任务期间增加了车道编织，但对其他驾驶性能指标影响不大。活性大麻类型损害了数字符号替换任务（DSST）、分散注意力任务（DAT）和节奏听觉连续添加任务（PASAT）的表现，而后两项任务的损害在 THC/CBD 同等大麻的情况下更严重。主观药物效应（例如“中毒”）和对驾驶能力的信心不随 CBD 含量而变化。相对于以 THC 为主的大麻，THC/CBD 等效大麻的血浆 THC 峰值浓度较高，这表明可能存在药代动力学相互作用。结论/解释 含有同等浓度 CBD 和 THC 的大麻所造成的损害似乎并不比以 THC 为主的大麻少，而且在某些情况下，CBD 实际上可能会加剧 THC 引起的损害。
Background The main psychoactive component of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), can impair driving performance. Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-intoxicating cannabis component, is thought to mitigate certain adverse effects of THC. It is possible then that cannabis containing equivalent CBD and THC will differentially affect driving and cognition relative to THC-dominant cannabis. Aims The present study investigated and compared the effects of THC-dominant and THC/CBD equivalent cannabis on simulated driving and cognitive performance. Methods In a randomized, double-blind, within-subjects crossover design, healthy volunteers (n = 14) with a history of light cannabis use attended three outpatient experimental test sessions in which simulated driving and cognitive performance were assessed at two timepoints (20-60 min and 200-240 min) following vaporization of 125 mg THC-dominant (11% THC; < 1% CBD), THC/CBD equivalent (11% THC, 11% CBD), or placebo (< 1% THC/CBD) cannabis. Results/outcomes Both active cannabis types increased lane weaving during a car-following task but had little effect on other driving performance measures. Active cannabis types impaired performance on the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), Divided Attention Task (DAT) and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) with impairment on the latter two tasks worse with THC/CBD equivalent cannabis. Subjective drug effects (e.g., "stoned") and confidence in driving ability did not vary with CBD content. Peak plasma THC concentrations were higher following THC/CBD equivalent cannabis relative to THC-dominant cannabis, suggesting a possible pharmacokinetic interaction. Conclusions/interpretation Cannabis containing equivalent concentrations of CBD and THC appears no less impairing than THC-dominant cannabis, and in some circumstances, CBD may actually exacerbate THC-induced impairment.