Targets and Timelines for Reducing Salt in Processed Food in the Americas
Targets and Timelines for Reducing Salt in Processed Food in the Americas
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/jch.12379
复制
发表时间：
2014-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
L'Abbe, Mary
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Campbell, Norm;Legowski, Barbara;L'Abbe, Mary
减少饮食中的盐分是减轻过早死亡和残疾负担的最有效干预措施之一。在高收入国家和营养转型国家，加工食品即使不是食盐的主要来源，也是重要的来源。建议重新配制这些产品以降低其含盐量，作为预防人群慢性病的最佳选择。在美洲，阿根廷、巴西、加拿大、智利、厄瓜多尔、墨西哥、美国和巴拉圭等8个国家制定了降低加工食品含盐量的目标和时间表。虽然各国有共同的内容，但它们的做法有显著的差异：4个国家完全有自愿目标，2个国家将自愿和管制部分结合在一起，1个国家只有条例。这些国家设定了不同类型的目标，在某些情况下还将它们结合在一起：平均值、销售额加权平均值、上限和降幅百分比。目标适用的食品从单一类别到综合类别不等，占所有加工产品的比例。最容易获得和最透明的目标是每个食品类别的上限。最有可能对整个人群的食盐摄入量产生实质性和持续影响的是销售额加权平均值和上限的组合。为了帮助所有国家制定政策，提高加工食品的整体营养价值，作者呼吁食品公司向透明和开放的平台提供食品成分数据和产品销售量数据，并呼吁全球公司向所有市场提供满足最严格目标的产品。在分区域一级参与共同市场的国家可以考虑统一目标、营养标签和警告标签。(C)2014年威利期刊公司。
Reducing dietary salt is one of the most effective interventions to lessen the burden of premature death and disability. In high-income countries and those in nutrition transition, processed foods are a significant if not the main source of dietary salt. Reformulating these products to reduce their salt content is recommended as a best buy to prevent chronic diseases across populations. In the Americas, there are targets and timelines for reduced salt content of processed foods in 8 countries-Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, and the National Salt Reduction Initiative in the United States and Paraguay. While there are common elements across the countries, there are notable differences in their approaches: 4 countries have exclusively voluntary targets, 2 countries have combined voluntary and regulated components, and 1 country has only regulations. The countries have set different types of targets and in some cases combined them: averages, sales-weighted averages, upper limits, and percentage reductions. The foods to which the targets apply vary from single categories to comprehensive categories accounting for all processed products. The most accessible and transparent targets are upper limits per food category. Most likely to have a substantive and sustained impact on salt intake across whole populations is the combination of sales-weighted averages and upper limits. To assist all countries with policies to improve the overall nutritional value of processed foods, the authors call for food companies to supply food composition data and product sales volume data to transparent and open-access platforms and for global companies to supply the products that meet the strictest targets to all markets. Countries participating in common markets at the subregional level can consider harmonizing targets, nutrition labels, and warning labels. (C) 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.