Morphological Studies on Skeletal Muscle Capillaries Under Conditions of High Altitude Training*
Morphological Studies on Skeletal Muscle Capillaries Under Conditions of High Altitude Training*
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高海拔训练条件下骨骼肌毛细血管的形态学研究*
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发表时间：
1980
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通讯作者：
H. Appell
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作者：
H. Appell
Appell，H.- J.高原训练条件下骨骼肌肌帽的形态学研究山运动医学杂志。Vol. 1，No. 3，pp. 103-109，1980年。骨骼肌毛细血管通过改变其形态来适应高原训练。毛细血管变得曲折，并形成许多毛细血管横桥，因此扩大了内皮表面。即使恢复期是训练期的两倍，也不足以扭转这些变化。关于其他调查的结果进行了讨论，并建议，较高的毛细管计数的横截面上主要是来自改变毛细管图案，但实际上并不是从新的毛细管。毛细血管“肥大”的机制进行了研究，通过电子显微镜。没有证据表明新毛细血管的发展。然而，毛细血管模式的变化，通过形态学检查显示依赖于内皮细胞的结构变化：相邻内皮细胞的重叠缩短在实验组中，和进入毛细血管腔的内皮过程的量减少。通过这种机制，毛细血管可以伸长并增加其直径。对运动训练引起毛细血管“发芽”的机理进行了讨论。
Appell, H.-J. Morphological Studies on Skeletal Muscle Cap-illaries Under Conditions of High Altitude Training. mt. J. Sports Medicine. Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 103—109, 1980. The skeletal muscle capillaries adapt to high altitude training by changing their pattern. The capillaries become tortuous and many capillary cross-bridges are developed, hence enlarging the endothelial surface. Even a restitution period of double the training period does not suffice to reverse these changes. The results are discussed with regard to other investigations, and it is suggested that higher capillary counts on cross sections are mostly derived from the altered capillary pattern but not actually from new capillaries. The mechanism of capillary "hypertrophy" is investigated by means of electron microscopy. There is no evidence for the development of new capillaries. The changes of the capillary pattern, however, are shown by morphometric examination to depend on structural changes of the endothelial cells: the overlap of adjoining endothelial cells is shortened in the experimental groups, and the amount of endothelial processes into the capillary lumen is reduced. By this mechanism, the capillary vessel can elongate and increase its diameter. Some conceptions on the mechanisms of capillary "sprouting" as a result of physical training are discussed.