Rainbow trout prefer diets rich in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA
Rainbow trout prefer diets rich in omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA and EPA
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112692
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Skiba, Sandrine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Roy, Jerome;Mercier, Yvan;Skiba, Sandrine
水产养殖中对鱼类采食量的控制需要开发新的技术来改善饲料成分、饲料转化率和生长。目标必须是可持续性和有效利用资源。用100%的植物性饲料取代传统的水产饲料成分（鱼粉和鱼油）的影响是众所周知的，它会大大降低鱼类的性能（生存和生长）。本研究考察了虹鳟对三种不同水平的omega-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（omega-3 LCPUFA）：二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）的饲料偏好（总脂肪酸含量为0%低、5%中、20%高）。每组的饲料偏好值（低与中ω -3饲料，中与高ω -3饲料和低与高ω -3饲料）使用放置在水箱两侧的两个自喂器进行观察。他们的假设是，100%植物性饮食的鱼类生长和存活率的下降可以解释为缺乏与食物摄入量减少有关的omega-3 LCPUFA。这可以解释omega-3 LCPUFA在虹鳟鱼摄食行为中的品尝作用（反映了消耗饲料的动机）。结果表明，虹鳟鱼可以区分含有不同水平的omega-3 LCPUFA的饮食，即使不能区分5%的水平（在低和中omega-3饮食中没有观察到偏好）。总的来说，他们对高omega-3 LCPUFA的饮食有偏好：59.5%的人在高omega-3饮食和低omega-3饮食中更喜欢高omega-3饮食，75.6%的人在中omega-3饮食和高omega-3饮食中更喜欢高omega-3饮食。这种偏好在21天后重复，在接下来的21天里，当饲料在每个水箱中的两个自食者之间交换时，63.3%的人在高和低omega-3饲料中偏好高omega-3饲料，69.5%的人在中和高omega-3饲料中偏好高omega-3饲料。测试还表明，在饲料需求后，三种饮食中未吃的颗粒所显示的食物浪费程度有所不同。在两个阶段的测试中，高omega-3饮食是最受欢迎的，浪费最少的，吃得最多的（所有选择组），而在三种选择饮食中（低omega-3饮食中的低omega-3饮食，中omega-3饮食中的中等omega-3饮食，中omega-3饮食中的中等omega-3饮食和低omega-3饮食中的低omega-3饮食和高omega-3饮食中的低omega-3饮食），最未被食用的饲料仍然是最不受欢迎的饮食。综上所述，本研究强调了omega-3 LCPUFA对虹鳟鱼幼鱼摄食行为的影响，omega-3 LCPUFA水平影响了鱼类的饮食选择。
The control of feed intake in fish in aquaculture requires the development of new techniques to improve diet composition, feed conversion efficiency and growth. The aim must be sustainability and an effective use of resources. The effect of replacing traditional aqua-feed ingredients (fishmeal and fish oil) by a 100% plant-based diet is known to drastically decrease fish performance (survival and growth). The present study examined the feed preference of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss for three diets containing distinct levels of omega-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 LCPUFA): eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (0% for low, 5% for medium and 20% for high, total fatty acid content). Feed preference values for each group (low v. medium omega-3 diets, medium v. high omega-3 diets and low v. high omega-3 diets) were observed using two selffeeders positioned at opposite sides of the tank. The hypothesis was that the decrease of fish growth and survival rate of fish fed with 100% plant-based diet could be explained by the absence of omega-3 LCPUFA relating to decrease of food intake. This could explain the tasting role of omega-3 LCPUFA in the feeding behavior of rainbow trout (which reflects the motivation to consume feed). The results showed that rainbow trout could discriminate between the diets containing different level of omega-3 LCPUFA even if unable to differentiate between level of 5% (no preference observed in low v. medium omega-3 diets). Overall they had a preference for diet high in omega-3 LCPUFA: 59.5% preference for high omega-3 diet in high v. low omega-3 diets, and 75.6% preference for high omega-3 diet in medium v. high omega-3 diets respectively. This preference was repeated after 21 days and for a further 21 days when the feeds were exchanged between the two self-feeders in each tank: 63.3% preference for high omega-3 diet in high v. low omega-3 diets, and 69,5% preference for high omega-3 diet in medium v. high omega-3 diets respectively. The tests also indicated a difference in the extent of food waste of each of the three diets revealed by uneaten pellets after feed demands. During two periods of test, high omega-3 diet was the most appreciated, the least wasted and the most eaten (all choice groups) whereas the most uneaten feed remained the least appreciated diet in three choices diets (low omega-3 diet in low v. medium omega-3 diets, medium in medium v. high omega-3 diets and low in low v. high omega-3). In conclusion, this study highlighted the influence of omega-3 LCPUFA in the feeding behavior of juvenile rainbow trout, levels of omega-3 LCPUFA drove dietary choices in the fish.