Stressors impair odor recognition memory via an olfactory bulb-dependent noradrenergic mechanism.
Stressors impair odor recognition memory via an olfactory bulb-dependent noradrenergic mechanism.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnint.2013.00097
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Linster C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Manella LC;Alperin S;Linster C
非联想习惯化和气味识别任务已被广泛用于探索社会识别，气味记忆持续时间和气味记忆特异性的问题。除其他外，这些范例提供了有价值的洞察神经调节，特别是去甲肾上腺素/去甲肾上腺素（NE）如何影响气味记忆。一般而言，NE水平受唤醒、压力和行为状态的调节，但在成年啮齿动物中NE和气味记忆之间存在直接关系的证据很少。本研究采用简单的轻度心理应激（明亮的光和声音）生理调节NE水平，以探讨应激NE依赖性对气味再认记忆的影响。在大鼠双侧延髓插管，我们表明，这些压力调节嗅觉记忆，这种影响至少部分是由嗅球介导的。具体而言，我们表明，在收购气味记忆的压力源的存在下抑制记忆的气味时，测试30分钟后熟悉的气味。这种抑制被阻断注入NE拮抗剂到嗅球之前的气味收购。此外，我们发现延髓NE的注入足以以模仿我们的应激源的方式抑制气味记忆。这些影响是不太可能单独介导的运动/探索性的变化所产生的压力，虽然这些压力影响某些行为不直接相关的气味调查。这项研究提供了有关NE的行为相关变化如何影响自上而下的感觉处理和气味记忆的重要信息。
Non-associative habituation and odor recognition tasks have been widely used to probe questions of social recognition, odor memory duration, and odor memory specificity. Among others, these paradigms have provided valuable insight into how neuromodulation, and specifically norepinephrine/noradrenaline (NE) influences odor memory. In general, NE levels are modulated by arousal, stress, and behavioral state, but there is sparse evidence of a direct relationship between NE and odor memory in adult rodents. The present study uses simple mild psychological stressors (bright light and sound) to modulate NE levels physiologically in order to probe stressors NE-dependent effect on odor recognition memory. In rats with bilateral bulbar cannulations, we show that these stressors modulate olfactory memory and that this effect is at least partially mediated by the olfactory bulb. Specifically, we show that the presence of stressors during the acquisition of odor memory suppresses memory for an odor when tested 30 min after familiarization to that odor. This suppression is blocked by infusing NE antagonists into the olfactory bulb prior to odor acquisition. Additionally, we find that infusion of bulbar NE is sufficient to suppress odor memory in a manner mimicking that of our stressors. These effects are unlikely to be solely mediated by locomotor/exploratory changes produced by stressors, although these stressors influence certain behaviors not directly related to odor investigation. This study provides important information about how behaviorally relevant changes in NE can influence top-down sensory processing and odor memory.