Non-linear outcome of gravitational instability in an irradiated protoplanetary disc

Non-linear outcome of gravitational instability in an irradiated protoplanetary disc
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受辐射原行星盘中重力不稳定的非线性结果

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stz163
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Shi Ji-Ming
Shi Ji-Ming
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hirose Shigenobu;Shi Ji-Ming

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使用局部三维辐射流体动力学模拟,在表面密度 Σ 和半径 r 的参数空间中研究了受辐射原行星盘中重力不稳定性的非线性结果。从层流开始,轴对称自引力密度波首先生长。当Σ越大或半径越大冷却时间越短时,它们的自重度就越大。由于非轴对称不稳定性,密度波最终崩溃,从而导致瞬态阶段后的碎裂或重力湍流。两者之间的边界位于 ∼ 75 au 以及对应于初始 Toomre 参数 ∼0.2 的 Σ 处。前一个边界对应于冷却时间变短的半径,在轨道频率的倒数方面近似一致。即使在边界半径周围建立了重力湍流,如此短的冷却时间也不可避免地使Σ的波动大到足以触发碎片。另一方面,当 Σ 超出后一个边界时(即初始托姆参数小于 ∼0.2),初始层流在自重力作用下非常不稳定,以至于无论半径或冷却时间如何,它都会演变成碎片。当束缚物体中心的质量浓度足够高以致温度超过 H2 解离温度时,碎裂后会发生失控塌缩。
Using local three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations, the non-linear outcome of gravitational instability in an irradiated protoplanetary disc is investigated in a parameter space of the surface density Σ and the radiusr. Starting from laminar flow, axisymmetric self-gravitating density waves grow first. Their self-gravitating degree becomes larger when Σ is larger or the cooling time is shorter at larger radii. The density waves eventually collapse owing to non-axisymmetric instability, which results in either fragmentation or gravito-turbulence after a transient phase. The boundaries between the two are found atr∼ 75 au as well as at the Σ that corresponds to the initial Toomre’s parameter of ∼0.2. The former boundary corresponds to the radius where the cooling time becomes short, approximating unity in terms of the inverse of the orbital frequency. Even when gravito-turbulence is established around the boundary radius, such a short cooling time inevitably makes the fluctuation of Σ large enough to trigger fragmentation. On the other hand, when Σ is beyond the latter boundary (i.e. the initial Toomre’s parameter is less than ∼0.2), the initial laminar flow is so unstable against self-gravity that it evolves into fragmentation regardless of the radius or, equivalently, the cooling time. Runaway collapse follows fragmentation when the mass concentration at the centre of a bound object is high enough that the temperature exceeds the H2dissociation temperature.
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