Viral infections and multiple sclerosis.
Viral infections and multiple sclerosis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ddmod.2020.02.003
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Donati, Donatella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Donati, Donatella
MS的病因和发病机制可能涉及多种因素相互作用，感染性因素和病毒因素的作用仍存在争议，但一致数量的研究表明，一些病毒与疾病有关。最有力的文献来自对多发性硬化症患者的病毒核酸或抗原或抗病毒抗体反应的检测。为了进一步研究病毒可能参与的机制，可以使用体外和体内模型。虽然基于各种来源的神经胶质细胞系的体外模型得到了广泛的应用，但体内动物模型面临着挑战。事实上，嗜神经性动物病毒目前被用于研究已建立的模型中的脱髓鞘，但人类病毒感染的脱髓鞘动物模型直到最近才被开发出来，使用与Epstein Barr病毒(EBV)密切相关的动物伽马疱疹病毒，或使用表达人类疱疹病毒6型(HHV-6)特异性病毒受体的绒猴。本文将阐述多发性硬化发病机制的主要潜在机制，可能与病毒感染和目前用于动物模型脱髓鞘研究的病毒有关。然后将讨论与多发性硬化症联系最强的病毒，从多个病毒可能具有不同程度的相互作用、促进多发性硬化症异质性的角度进行讨论。
The etiology and pathogenesis of MS is likely to involve multiple factors interacting with each other, and the role of infectious and viral agents is still under debate, however a consistent amount of studies suggests that some viruses are associated with the disease. The strongest documentation has come from the detection of viral nucleic acid or antigen or of an anti-viral antibody response in MS patients. A further step for the study of the mechanism viruses might be involved in can be made using in vitro and in vivo models. While in vitro models, based on glial and neural cell lines from various sources are widely used, in vivo animal models present challenges. Indeed neurotropic animal viruses are currently used to study demyelination in well-established models, but animal models of demyelination by human virus infection have only recently been developed, using animal gammaherpesviruses closely related to Epstein Barr virus (EBV), or using marmosets expressing the specific viral receptor for Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). The present review will illustrate the main potential mechanisms of MS pathogenesis possibly associated with viral infections and viruses currently used to study demyelination in animal models. Then the viruses most strongly linked with MS will be discussed, in the perspective that more than one virus might have a role, with varying degrees of interaction, contributing to MS heterogeneity.