Impact of landscape composition and configuration on forest specialist and generalist bird species in the fragmented Lacandona rainforest, Mexico
Impact of landscape composition and configuration on forest specialist and generalist bird species in the fragmented Lacandona rainforest, Mexico
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2015.01.014
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发表时间：
2015-04-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fahrig, Lenore
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carrara, Emilia;Arroyo-Rodriguez, Victor;Fahrig, Lenore
随着整个热带地区土地利用变化的加速，全球生物多样性的比例越来越大位于人类改造的景观中。设计有效的保护策略需要了解景观组成和配置对生物多样性的相对影响。然而，人们对这个话题知之甚少，因为大多数研究都是在斑块尺度上进行的，并且没有评估景观结构对物种的影响。使用多模型推理方法，我们评估了景观组成（即森林覆盖百分比和基质组成）和景观配置（即森林斑块数量和森林边缘密度）对墨西哥拉坎多纳雨林内 17 个森林片段和三个连续森林区域中鸟类 α 和 β 多样性的相对影响。我们在两个空间尺度（100 和 500 公顷）上测试了对森林专科鸟类和通才鸟类的影响。一般来说，森林专科鸟类对景观特征的反应比通才物种更强，特别是对 100 公顷规模的景观组成的变化。森林覆盖的丧失是对森林专科鸟类的主要威胁，对阿尔法多样性产生负面影响，这种影响在两个空间尺度上是一致的。相比之下，在两个空间尺度上，通才鸟类似乎更受森林丧失的青睐，因为这些鸟类的阿尔法多样性在森林覆盖率较低和森林斑块数量较多的景观中增加。如果目前的森林砍伐率继续下去，一些森林专家可能会消失。因此，未来的保护和管理举措应该防止这个生物多样性丰富但正在消失的热带森林生态系统中的森林砍伐。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
With accelerated land-use change throughout the tropics, an increasing proportion of global biodiversity is located in human-modified landscapes. Understanding the relative effects of landscape composition and configuration on biodiversity is needed to design effective conservation strategies. Yet this topic is poorly understood because most studies have been performed at the patch scale, and do not assess the impact of landscape structure on species. Using a multi-model inference approach, we assessed the relative effect of landscape composition (i.e. percentage of forest cover and matrix composition) and landscape configuration (i.e. number of forest patches and forest edge density) on alpha- and beta-diversity of birds in 17 forest fragments and three areas of continuous forest within the Lacandona rainforest, Mexico. We tested these impacts at two spatial scales (100 and 500 ha) for forest specialist and generalist birds. In general, forest specialist birds showed stronger responses to landscape characteristics than generalist species, particularly to variations in landscape composition at the 100-ha scale. The loss of forest cover represented the main threat to forest specialist birds, with a negative impact on alpha-diversity that was consistent across the two spatial scales. In contrast, at the two spatial scales generalist birds seemed to be favored by forest loss, as alpha-diversity of these birds increased in landscapes with lower forest cover and higher number of forest patches. If current deforestation rates continue, several forest specialists are likely to disappear. Future conservation and management initiatives should therefore prevent deforestation in this biodiversity-rich but vanishing tropical forest ecosystem. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.