Population history and life history influence the migration rate of female Glanville fritillary butterflies
Population history and life history influence the migration rate of female Glanville fritillary butterflies
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DOI：
10.1034/j.1600-0706.2002.980109.x
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发表时间：
2002-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Nieminen, M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hanski, I;Breuker, CJ;Nieminen, M
本研究探讨了一个物种从适合栖息地的小片段迁移的原因，该物种具有独特的超种群结构，当地种群的频繁更替，以及当地种群和目前无人居住的栖息地片段之间的大量迁移。对来自4个地区的Glanville贝母蝴蝶（Melitaea cinxia） 727只进行了野外实验，并在自然环境中进行了标记和放生。在四个来源区域中的三个，实验的幼虫是从几十个小的当地种群中收集的，其中一些是在去年夏天建立的（新种群），而其余的种群则是年龄较大的。在其中两个源区，雌性蝴蝶更喜欢放养区没有的寄主植物（Veronica spicata），放养区只有车前草（Plantago lanceolata），而其他两个源区的雌性蝴蝶更喜欢放养植物。我们发现雄性的迁移率与实验中研究的任何因素都无关。相比之下，有两个因素影响了女性的迁移率。首先，在含车前草的放生斑块中，薇罗妮卡偏好雌性的迁出率高于车前草偏好雌性，表明个体对栖息地质量的感知显著影响了雌性的迁出率。其次，来自新建立种群的雌性比来自较老种群的雌性更分散，这支持了元种群过程（周期性殖民化）选择增加迁移的观点。观察到的迁徙速度与任何体型测量都无关，因此观察到的迁徙速度差异显然是由雌性蝴蝶的行为差异引起的，而不是由它们的飞行能力引起的。
This study examines the causes of emigration from small fragments of suitable habitat in a species that has a distinct metapopulation structure, frequent turnover of local populations, and substantial migration among local populations and currently unoccupied habitat fragments. We conducted a field experiment in which 727 individuals of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) originating from four regions were marked and released simultaneously in a natural environment. In three of the four source regions, larvae for the experiment were collected from dozens of small local populations, some of which had been established in the previous summer (new populations), whereas the remaining populations were older. In two of the source regions, female butterflies prefer a host plant (Veronica spicata) that is not present in the release area, where there is only Plantago lanceolata, the preferred host plant of females from the other two source regions. We found that migration rate of males was unrelated to any of the factors studied in this experiment. In contrast, two factors influenced the migration rate of females. First, Veronica-preferring females had higher emigration rate than Plantago-preferring females from the Plantago-containing release patches, demonstrating that the individual perception of habitat quality significantly influences the migration rate of females. Second, females from newly-established populations were more dispersive than females from older populations, supporting the notion that metapopulation processes (recurrent colonizations) select for increased migration. The observed migration rate was not correlated with any body size measurements, and thus the observed differences in migration rate were apparently caused by differences in the behaviour of female butterflies rather than in their flight capacity.