Glial biomarkers in human central nervous system disease.
Glial biomarkers in human central nervous system disease.
复制标题
人类中枢神经系统疾病中的神经胶质生物标志物。
作者：
Garden GA;Campbell BM
越来越多的人认识到，异常的GLIA功能是精神和神经系统疾病的潜在因素。随着药物发现工作开始集中在胶质细胞相关的目标上，知识的一个关键差距包括有效生物标志物的可用性，以帮助确定哪些患者患有胶质细胞功能障碍，或者谁可能通过靶向胶质细胞相关的药物机制最好地响应。生物标志物是与疾病状态的参数具有显著关系的生物学变量，并且可以用作疾病病理学、进展和/或对药物治疗的反应的替代标志物。例如，CNS的成像研究能够定位和表征解剖学病变，而无需分离组织进行活检。CNS中疾病病理学的许多生物标志物涉及神经胶质细胞功能和/或对损伤的反应的测定。每种主要的神经胶质细胞亚型（少突胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞）都与许多重要和有用的生物标志物有关。在这里，我们描述了目前和新兴的神经胶质为基础的生物标志物的方法急性中枢神经系统损伤和慢性神经系统功能障碍的主要类别，包括神经退行性疾病，神经精神，肿瘤和自身免疫性疾病的中枢神经系统。这些描述突出的背景下，生物标志物如何被用来更好地了解神经胶质细胞在人类中枢神经系统疾病和新的治疗方法的发展中的作用。
There is a growing understanding that aberrant GLIA function is an underlying factor in psychiatric and neurological disorders. As drug discovery efforts begin to focus on glia-related targets, a key gap in knowledge includes the availability of validated biomarkers to help determine which patients suffer from dysfunction of glial cells or who may best respond by targeting glia-related drug mechanisms. Biomarkers are biological variables with a significant relationship to parameters of disease states and can be used as surrogate markers of disease pathology, progression, and/or responses to drug treatment. For example, imaging studies of the CNS enable localization and characterization of anatomical lesions without the need to isolate tissue for biopsy. Many biomarkers of disease pathology in the CNS involve assays of glial cell function and/or response to injury. Each major glia subtype (oligodendroglia, astroglia and microglia) are connected to a number of important and useful biomarkers. Here, we describe current and emerging glial based biomarker approaches for acute CNS injury and the major categories of chronic nervous system dysfunction including neurodegenerative, neuropsychiatric, neoplastic, and autoimmune disorders of the CNS. These descriptions are highlighted in the context of how biomarkers are employed to better understand the role of glia in human CNS disease and in the development of novel therapeutic treatments.