Conservative Mechanisms of Extracellular Trap Formation by Annelida Eisenia andrei: Serine Protease Activity Requirement.
Conservative Mechanisms of Extracellular Trap Formation by Annelida Eisenia andrei: Serine Protease Activity Requirement.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0159031
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Kolaczkowska E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Homa J;Ortmann W;Kolaczkowska E
细胞外陷阱的形成捕获和固定病原体现在是脊椎动物吞噬细胞的一种完善的防御机制。这些酶由胞外DNA（extDNA）、组蛋白和抗菌蛋白组成。小鼠和人的端粒酶的形成依赖于酶（i）促进组蛋白的瓜氨酸酶对染色质的去凝聚，和（ii）丝氨酸蛋白酶降解组蛋白。在无脊椎动物中，最初的报告显示存在的extDNA和组蛋白组成，在这里，我们的文件首次也体腔细胞，免疫活性细胞的一个andrei，铸造成功地陷阱细菌在活性氧（ROS）依赖和独立的方式。重要的是，不仅在离体研究体腔细胞时观察到了巨噬细胞的形成，而且在体内直接在巨噬体腔中观察到了巨噬细胞的形成。这些DNA片段由extDNA、热休克蛋白（HSP 27）和H3组蛋白组成。此外，E. andrei依赖于丝氨酸蛋白酶的活性，包括弹性蛋白酶样活性。此外，细胞相互连接并将聚集的体腔细胞保持在一起，这是一个进行包囊的过程。总之，这项研究证实了蚯蚓的ET形成，并揭示了导致ET形成和封装在无脊椎动物的机制。
Formation of extracellular traps (ETs) capturing and immobilizing pathogens is now a well-established defense mechanism added to the repertoire of vertebrate phagocytes. These ETs are composed of extracellular DNA (extDNA), histones and antimicrobial proteins. Formation of mouse and human ETs depends on enzymes (i) facilitating decondensation of chromatin by citrullination of histones, and (ii) serine proteases degrading histones. In invertebrates, initial reports revealed existence of ETs composed of extDNA and histones, and here we document for the first time that also coelomocytes, immunocompetent cells of an earthworm Eisenia andrei, cast ETs which successfully trap bacteria in a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent and -independent manner. Importantly, the formation of ETs was observed not only when coelomocytes were studied ex vivo, but also in vivo, directly in the earthworm coelom. These ETs were composed of extDNA, heat shock proteins (HSP27) and H3 histones. Furthermore, the formation of E. andrei ETs depended on activity of serine proteases, including elastase-like activity. Moreover, ETs interconnected and hold together aggregating coelomocytes, a processes proceeding encapsulation. In conclusion, the study confirms ET formation by earthworms, and unravels mechanisms leading to ET formation and encapsulation in invertebrates.