AMERICAN APARTHEID - SEGREGATION AND THE MAKING OF THE UNDERCLASS
AMERICAN APARTHEID - SEGREGATION AND THE MAKING OF THE UNDERCLASS
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DOI：
10.1086/229532
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发表时间：
1990-09-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
MASSEY, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
MASSEY, DS
本文认为，种族隔离对于解释20世纪70年代城市下层阶级的出现至关重要。不断上升的贫困率和高水平的居住隔离之间的强烈互动解释了下层阶级在哪里、为什么以及在哪些群体中出现。这一论点是通过模拟模拟得出的，这些模拟复制了20世纪70年代大都市地区黑人和白人的经济状况，但假设了不同的种族和阶级隔离条件。这些数据表明，当贫困发生在种族隔离的城市时，少数民族贫困率的简单增加如何导致贫困集中程度的急剧上升。贫困集中度的提高反过来又与社区社会经济特征的其他变化有关，将这些社区转变为犯罪率高、学校条件差、死亡率过高的身体状况恶化的地区，在这些地区，依赖福利的女性户主家庭是常态。因此，除非采取措施克服住房市场中种族歧视和偏见造成的不利因素，否则解决少数群体社会经济问题的政策将会失败。
This article argues that racial segregation is crucial to explaining the emergence of the urban underclass during the 1970s. A strong interaction between rising rates of poverty and high levels of residential segregation explains where, why and in which groups the underclass arose. This argument is developed with simulations that replicate the economic conditions observed among blacks and whites in metropolitan areas during the 1970s but assume different conditions of racial and class segregation. These data show how a simple increase in the rate of minority poverty leads to a dramatic rise in the concentration of poverty when it occurs within a racially segregated city. Increases in poverty concentration are, in turn, associated with other changes in the socioeconomic character of neighborhoods, transforming them into physically deteriorated areas of high crime, poor schools, and excessive mortality where welfare-dependent, female-headed families are the norm. Thus, policies to solve the socioeconomic problems of minorities will fail unless they are accompanied by measures for overcoming the disadvantages caused by racial discrimination and prejudice in the housing market.