ASSESSING HUMAN DISTURBANCE OF BREEDING BALD EAGLES WITH CLASSIFICATION TREE MODELS
ASSESSING HUMAN DISTURBANCE OF BREEDING BALD EAGLES WITH CLASSIFICATION TREE MODELS
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DOI：
10.2307/3808982
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发表时间：
1991-07-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
KING, RM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GRUBB, TG;KING, RM
1983-85 年间，我们在亚利桑那州中部 13 个巢穴附近记录了 4,188 起人类活动事件以及相关的秃鹰 (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) 反应。开发了 9 个相关参数和 3 个独立参数的分层分类，以量化行人、水生、车辆、噪声（枪声/音爆）和飞机干扰组。响应的类型和频率与老鹰到干扰源的距离成反比。秃鹰更常从栖息地而不是巢穴中冲出，并且在觅食时最容易受到干扰。行人是最令人不安的人类活动，而飞机则是最少的。我们开发了针对汇总和群体干扰的分类树 (CART) 模型，以评估响应严重程度并制定针对干扰的管理标准。汇总干扰的响应频率和临界距离在小于或等于 215 m 时为 64%，在 216 至 583 m 之间为 45%，在 > 583 m 时为 24%。干扰组之间的频率、距离和次要特征的影响各不相同。 CART 模型将距干扰的距离列为鹰响应最重要的分类器，然后按照区分值的降序排列为干扰持续时间、能见度、每个事件的单位数量、相对于受影响鹰的位置和声音。该程序提高了人类干扰评估的特异性。
We recorded 4,188 events of human activity and associated bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) response in the vicinity of 13 central Arizona nest sites during 1983-85. A hierarchical classification of 9 dependent and 3 independent parameters was developed to quantify pedestrian, aquatic, vehicle, noise (gunshot/sonic boom), and aircraft disturbance groups. Type and frequency of response varied inversely with the distance from an eagle to the disturbance. Bald eagles were more often flushed from perches than nests and were most easily disturbed when foraging. Pedestrian was the most disturbing human activity, whereas aircraft was the least. We developed classification tree (CART) models for pooled and group disturbances to evaluate response severity and to formulate disturbance-specific management criteria. Response frequencies and critical distances for pooled disturbance were 64% at less-than-or-equal-to 215 m, 45% between 216 and 583 m, and 24% at > 583 m. Frequencies, distances, and the influence of secondary characteristics varied among disturbance groups. The CART models ranked distance to disturbance as the most important classifier of eagle response, followed in decreasing order of discriminatory value by duration of disturbance, visibility, number of units per event, position relative to affected eagle, and sound. This procedure offers improved specificity in human disturbance assessment.