Anesthesia, calcium homeostasis and Alzheimer's disease.

Anesthesia, calcium homeostasis and Alzheimer's disease.
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DOI:
10.2174/156720509787313934
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发表时间:
2009-02
影响因子:
2.1
通讯作者:
Xie Z
Xie Z
中科院分区:
医学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wei H;Xie Z

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虽然麻醉剂是不可或缺的临床工具,通常安全有效,但在某些情况下,人们越来越担心这些药物的选择性神经毒性;其临床意义目前尚不清楚。尽管已提出钙失调的作用,但吸入麻醉剂介导的细胞损伤的机制仍不清楚。例如,吸入麻醉剂异氟烷会降低内质网(ER)钙浓度,并增加细胞质和线粒体中的钙浓度。通过 IP3 或兰尼碱受体抑制 ER 钙释放,可显着抑制异氟烷神经毒性。由于突变的早老素-1 (PS1) 或亨廷顿蛋白 (Q-111) 蛋白过度表达,神经元容易受到钙失调的影响,在接触异氟醚后,细胞凋亡增强。七氟烷和地氟烷在改变细胞内钙方面的作用不如异氟烷,并且产生的细胞凋亡也较少。短期暴露于吸入麻醉剂可以通过亚致死应激进行预处理来提供神经保护,而长时间暴露于吸入麻醉剂可能通过直接细胞毒性作用通过细胞凋亡诱导细胞损伤。
While anesthetics are indispensable clinical tools generally safe and effective, in some situations there is grown concern about selective neurotoxicity of these agents; the clinical significance is unclear as of yet. The mechanisms for inhalational anesthetics mediated cell damage are still not clear, although a role for calcium dysregulation has been suggested. For example, the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane decreases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) calcium concentration and increases that in the cytosol and mitochondria. Inhibition of ER calcium release, via either IP3 or ryanodine receptors, significantly inhibited isoflurane neurotoxicity. Neurons made vulnerable to calcium dysregulation by overexpression of mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) or huntingtin (Q-111) proteins showed enhanced apoptosis upon isoflurane exposure. Sevoflurane and desflurane were less potent than isoflurane in altering intracellular calcium, and produced less apoptosis. Short exposures to inhalational anesthetics may provide neuroprotection by preconditioning via a sublethal stress, while prolonged exposures to inhalational anesthetics may induce cell damage by apoptosis through direct cytotoxic effects.
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