The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens).
The genetics of brown coat color and white spotting in domestic yaks (Bos grunniens).
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DOI：
10.1111/age.12191
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发表时间：
2014-10
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
M.-Q. Zhang;X. Xu;Shu-Jin Luo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M.-Q. Zhang;X. Xu;Shu-Jin Luo
国内牦牛（Bos grunniens）表现出两种主要的毛色变化：棕色与野生型的黑色色素沉着，白色斑点与野生型的纯色图案。这些颜色和分布变异的遗传基础在很大程度上仍然未知，并且可能由于牦牛和牛之间的杂交育种历史而变得复杂。本文采用候选基因方法对92头中国家牦牛进行了研究。测定了褐牦牛MC1R、PMEL和TYRP1基因的序列变异；TYRP1与颜色无关，被排除在外。在牛科动物中首次报道了来自MC1R的隐性突变，即p.Gln34*、p.Met73Leu和可能的p.Arg142Pro，约占本研究中褐牦牛的40%。其余60%的棕色个体与PMEL的牛源缺失突变（p.Leu18del）以显性方式相关。在牦牛身上发现的白色斑点的程度各不相同，从颜色侧面和白色的脸到完全白色。在检测了候选基因KIT后，我们认为黄牛和全白牦牛是由报道的牛的KIT序列翻译（Cs6或Cs29）引起的。牦牛的白脸表型与KIT单倍型S（wf）有关。所有导致牦牛白斑病系列表型的KIT突变都与牛的相同，表明牛可能是牦牛白斑病的来源。我们的研究结果揭示了家牦牛毛色的复杂遗传起源，可能是通过进化和驯化在牦牛身上产生的，也可能是通过种间杂交从牛身上引入的。
Domestic yaks (Bos grunniens) exhibit two major coat color variations: a brown vs. wild-type black pigmentation and a white spotting vs. wild-type solid color pattern. The genetic basis for these variations in color and distribution remains largely unknown and may be complicated by a breeding history involving hybridization between yaks and cattle. Here, we investigated 92 domestic yaks from China using a candidate gene approach. Sequence variations in MC1R, PMEL and TYRP1 were surveyed in brown yaks; TYRP1 was unassociated with the coloration and excluded. Recessive mutations from MC1R, or p.Gln34*, p.Met73Leu and possibly p.Arg142Pro, are reported in bovids for the first time and accounted for approximately 40% of the brown yaks in this study. The remaining 60% of brown individuals correlated with a cattle-derived deletion mutation from PMEL (p.Leu18del) in a dominant manner. Degrees of white spotting found in yaks vary from color sidedness and white face, to completely white. After examining the candidate gene KIT, we suggest that color-sided and all-white yaks are caused by the serial translations of KIT (Cs6 or Cs29 ) as reported for cattle. The white-faced phenotype in yaks is associated with the KIT haplotype S(wf) . All KIT mutations underlying the serial phenotypes of white spotting in yaks are identical to those in cattle, indicating that cattle are the likely source of white spotting in yaks. Our results reveal the complex genetic origins of domestic yak coat color as either native in yaks through evolution and domestication or as introduced from cattle through interspecific hybridization.