Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity
Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity
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DOI：
10.4065/83.4.460
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发表时间：
2008-04-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Rittmann, Bruce E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DiBaise, John K.;Zhang, Husen;Rittmann, Bruce E.
肥胖是由于身体对能量摄入、消耗和储存的调节发生改变而引起的。最近的证据，主要来自动物模型的研究，表明肠道微生物群影响营养物质的获取和能量调节。它的组成也被证明在瘦与肥胖的动物和人类中是不同的。在这篇文章中，我们回顾了支持肠道微生物群在肥胖发展中的潜在作用的已发表证据，并探讨了改变肠道微生物群在未来治疗中可能发挥的作用。有证据表明，肠道微生物群的代谢活动有助于从摄入的膳食物质中提取热量，并有助于将这些热量储存在宿主脂肪组织中供日后使用。此外，肥胖小鼠和人的肠道细菌植物群包括比其瘦的对应物更少的拟杆菌门和相应更多的厚壁菌门，这表明摄入的食物物质的热量提取的差异可能是由于肠道微生物群的组成。来源于肠道微生物群的细菌脂多糖可能是将炎症与高脂饮食诱导的代谢综合征联系起来的触发因素。肠道中微生物之间的相互作用似乎在宿主能量稳态中具有重要作用，氢氧化产甲烷菌增强发酵细菌的代谢。现有的证据保证了对人类肠道微生物生态学的进一步研究，并指出肠道微生物群的改变是治疗超重或肥胖人群的一种手段。
Obesity results from alterations in the body's regulation of energy intake, expenditure, and storage. Recent evidence, primarily from investigations in animal models, suggests that the gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition and energy regulation. Its composition has also been shown to differ in lean vs obese animals and humans. In this article, we review the published evidence supporting the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and explore the role that modifying the gut microbiota may play in its future treatment. Evidence suggests that the metabolic activities of the gut mibrobiota facilitate the extraction of calorie from ingested dietary substances and help to store these calorie: in host adipose tissue for later use. Furthermore, the gut bacterial flora of obese mice and humans include fewer Bacteroidetes and correspondingly more Firmicutes than that of their lean counterparts, suggesting that differences in caloric extraction of ingested food substances may be due to the composition of the gut microbiota. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from the intestinal microbiota may act as a triggering factor linking inflammation to high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Interactions among microorganisms in the gut appear to have an important role in host energy homeostasis, with hydrogen-oxidizing methanogens enhancing the metabolism of fermentative bacteria. Existing evidence warrants further investigation of the microbial ecology of the human gut and points to modification of the gut microbiota as one means to treat people who are overweight or obese.