Decline of the Chesapeake Bay oyster population: a century of habitat destruction and overfishing
Decline of the Chesapeake Bay oyster population: a century of habitat destruction and overfishing
复制标题
DOI：
10.3354/meps111029
复制
发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
B. Rothschild;Js Ault;P. Goulletquer;M. Héral
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Rothschild;Js Ault;P. Goulletquer;M. Héral
自本世纪初以来，美国切萨皮克湾马里兰部分的牡蛎数量减少了50%以上。这篇论文提供的证据表明，过度捕捞对栖息地和种群的机械破坏是导致牡蛎数量下降的重要因素，尽管人们普遍认为“水质”和最近的牡蛎疾病是关键因素。定量分析表明，牡蛎数量的长期下降主要是由于本世纪初强烈的捕捞压力导致的栖息地丧失，以及本世纪初到最近几年的捕捞过剩。此外，切萨皮克湾的主要生态影响早在第二次世界大战之前，在工业化和疾病报道流行之前就已经发生了。为了使境况不佳的切萨皮克湾牡蛎种群恢复，提出了四点管理策略。
The oyster population in the Maryland portion ot Chesapeake Bay, USA, has declined by more than 50-Iold since the early part of this century. The paper presents evidence that the mechanical destruction of habitat and stock over fishing have been important factors in the decline, even thouqh it is commonly thought that 'water quality' and, more recently, oyster diseases are critical. Quantitative analyses show that the long-term decline 01 oysters largely resuIts from habitat loss associated with intense fishing pressure early in this century and stock over fishing from early in the century throuqh recent limes. Furthermore, the major ecological effects on Chesapeake Bay occurred weIl betore World War II, before industrialization and the reported prevalence of disease. To effect the recovery of the ailing Chesapeake Bay oyster stock, a 4-point management strategy is proposed.