The Effects of Humidity on Spontaneous Cocrystallization: A Survey of Diacid Cocrystals with Caffeine, Theophylline, and Nicotinamide

The Effects of Humidity on Spontaneous Cocrystallization: A Survey of Diacid Cocrystals with Caffeine, Theophylline, and Nicotinamide
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湿度对自发共结晶的影响:二酸与咖啡因、茶碱和烟酰胺共晶体的调查

DOI:
10.1007/s10870-022-00922-8
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
0.8
通讯作者:
Mehta, Manish A.
Mehta, Manish A.
中科院分区:
化学4区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Davies, Riley D.;Vigilante, Nicolas J.;Frederick, Aaron D.;Mandala, Venkata S.;Mehta, Manish A.

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药物共晶包含一种活性药物成分(API)和至少一种小分子赋形剂共形成物。虽然溶剂蒸发和机械化学是其合成的优选方法,但已知当输入材料的粉末混合时,一些共晶在环境条件下自发形成-这一过程尚未完全理解。还已知含水湿度加速自发共晶形成。我们在这里报告的自发共结晶的程度为14共晶系统,在四个湿度水平。在我们的研究中,二元共晶由模型API(咖啡因,茶碱,烟酰胺)和小链二酸共形成物(草酸,丙二酸,马来酸,富马酸,琥珀酸,谷氨酸)组成。通过粉末X射线衍射在几周内非原位监测自发共晶形成。我们的研究结果表明,共晶形成在所有14个系统在不同程度上是一致的,与文献报道,更高的湿度与更快速的共晶形成。我们发现含有较小共形成物的共晶通常形成得更快。根据我们的研究结果,我们确定了几种共晶作为未来研究的候选者。图形摘要
Pharmaceutical cocrystals comprise one active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and at least one small molecule excipient coformer. While solvent evaporation and mechanochemistry are the preferred methods for their synthesis, some cocrystals are known to form spontaneously at ambient conditions when powders of input materials are mixed—a process not yet fully understood. Aqueous humidity is also known to accelerate spontaneous cocrystal formation. We report here the extent of spontaneous cocrystallization for 14 cocrystal systems, at four levels of humidity. The binary cocrystals in our study consist of a model API (caffeine, theophylline, nicotinamide) and a small chain diacid coformer (oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid). The spontaneous cocrystal formation was monitored ex situ by powder X-ray diffraction over several weeks. Our results show cocrystal formation in all 14 systems to varying extent and are consistent with literature reports that higher humidity correlates with more rapid cocrystal formation. We find that cocrystals containing smaller coformers often form faster. Based on our findings, we identify several cocrystals as candidates for future study.Graphical Abstract
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