Histones, nucleosomes and the roles of chromatin structure in transcriptional control.
Histones, nucleosomes and the roles of chromatin structure in transcriptional control.
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组蛋白、核小体和染色质结构在转录控制中的作用。
DOI：
10.1042/bst0250354
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发表时间：
1997
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
A. Wolffe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Wolffe
关于基因对转录机制的可及性的实验工作已经清楚地确立了染色质结构在基因抑制中的作用。然而，这种抑制被发现是高度选择性的，依赖于含有关键调控元件的特定核小体的形成，也依赖于更高级别的染色质结构。更重要的是，遗传分析[1，2]和生化重组[3，4]表明，染色质结构在转录激活中具有重要作用，在某些情况下，实际上可以促进启动过程。个体组蛋白及其结构域的突变或缺失也被发现对个体基因的转录产生非常特殊的影响[S]。在少数情况下，已经对所涉及的核蛋白结构进行了足够详细的分析，以将功能结果归因于特定组蛋白结构域与DNA和其他非组蛋白相互作用的变化[6]。
Experimental work on the accessibility of genes to the transcriptional machinery has clearly established that chromatin structure has a role in the repression of genes. However, this repression is found to be highly selective, dependent on the formation of specific nucleosomes that contain key regulatory elements and also on higherlorder chromatin structures. More importantly, genetic analysis [1, 2] and biochemical reconstitution [3, 4] have suggested that chromatin structures have an essential role in the activation of transcription, and that in certain instances can actually facilitate the initiation process. Mutation or deficiencies in individual histones and their structural domains have also been found to exert very specific effects on the transcription of indi-vidual genes [S]. In a few instances the nucleoprotein structures involved have been analysed in sufficient detail to attribute functional consequences to changes in the interactions of specific histone domains with DNA and other non-histone proteins [6].