Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
Breaking the Code of DNA Binding Specificity of TAL-Type III Effectors
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DOI：
10.1126/science.1178811
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发表时间：
2009-12-11
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
Bonas, Ulla
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boch, Jens;Scholze, Heidi;Bonas, Ulla
许多细菌的致病性取决于通过将III型分泌到真核细胞中的效应蛋白注射，以操纵细胞过程。 TAL（转录激活剂）来自植物致病性黄花果的效应子是重要的毒力因子，在植物细胞核中充当转录激活剂，它们通过串联重复的中央域直接与DNA结合。在这里，我们展示了如何编码TAL效应子的目标DNA特异性。每个重复中的两个高变量氨基酸残基识别目标DNA中的一个碱基对。预测了TAL效应子的识别序列，并通过实验证实。模块化蛋白质结构使人工效应子具有新的特异性。我们的研究描述了不同类型的DNA结合结构域的功能，并允许设计生物技术的DNA结合域。
The pathogenicity of many bacteria depends on the injection of effector proteins via type III secretion into eukaryotic cells in order to manipulate cellular processes. TAL (transcription activator-like) effectors from plant pathogenic Xanthomonas are important virulence factors that act as transcriptional activators in the plant cell nucleus, where they directly bind to DNA via a central domain of tandem repeats. Here, we show how target DNA specificity of TAL effectors is encoded. Two hypervariable amino acid residues in each repeat recognize one base pair in the target DNA. Recognition sequences of TAL effectors were predicted and experimentally confirmed. The modular protein architecture enabled the construction of artificial effectors with new specificities. Our study describes the functionality of a distinct type of DNA binding domain and allows the design of DNA binding domains for biotechnology.