Significance of ice‐induced storage to spring runoff: a case study of the Mackenzie River
Significance of ice‐induced storage to spring runoff: a case study of the Mackenzie River
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冰蓄水对春季径流的意义：以麦肯齐河为例
DOI：
10.1002/hyp.371
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发表时间：
2002
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
T. Carter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Prowse;T. Carter
对于北纬地区大多数冰雪覆盖的河流来说，春季淡水往往是一年中最大的水文事件。根据麦肯齐河的案例研究，初冬期间因流量抽取而从水力储存中释放的水被证明是构成随后春季淡水的流量的主要组成部分。经过计算，60 天期间进入水力和冰生长储存的水量相当于如果没有形成冰盖，在此期间通常发生的流量的 27%。在冰破裂时以及随之而来的春季融雪高峰时，从冰引起的水力储存中释放的水量占春季淡水量的 15% 至 19%，具体取决于“释放”时期的时间定义。如果也包括秋季低压期间的冰生长，则与冰相关的贡献将增加至新鲜水量的 25%。重要的是，即使这个百分比也被认为是低估的，因为它没有考虑整个冬季冰盖融化带来的流量贡献。如果春季水文过程中没有考虑冰引起的储存量，那么春季融雪和/或降雨产生的水量将被大大高估。版权所有 © 2002 约翰威利父子有限公司
For most ice‐covered rivers at northern latitudes, the spring freshet is often the largest hydrologic event of the year. Based on a case study of the Mackenzie River, water released from hydraulic storage due to flow abstraction during the early winter is shown to be a major component of the flow volume that comprises the following spring freshet. The amount of water placed into hydraulic and ice‐growth storage over a 60‐day period was calculated to be equal to 27% of the flow that would normally have occurred during this period if an ice cover had not formed. The amount of water released from this ice‐induced hydraulic storage at the time of break‐up and the concomitant spring snowmelt peak accounted for 15 to 19% of the spring freshet volume, depending on the temporal definition of the ‘release’ period. The ice‐related contribution increases to as much as 25% of freshet volume if the ice growth during the fall depression is also included. Importantly, even this percentage is considered an underestimate since it does not take into account the flow contribution from the melt of the complete winter ice cover. If the ice‐induced storage volume is not accounted for in the spring hydrograph, then the volumes of water from spring snowmelt and/or rainfall would be significantly overestimated. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.