Some Problems Facing Hydrological and Ecological Researches in the Mountain Watershed at the Upper Stream of An Inland River Basin
Some Problems Facing Hydrological and Ecological Researches in the Mountain Watershed at the Upper Stream of An Inland River Basin
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DOI：
10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2008.07.0675
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发表时间：
2008-07
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kang Ersi;Zhang Zhi-hui;Jin Bo-wen;Ji Xi-bin;C. Rensheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kang Ersi;Zhang Zhi-hui;Jin Bo-wen;Ji Xi-bin;C. Rensheng
以西北河西走廊地区黑河上游山地流域为例，从山地水循环、水文与生态系统、产流与预报等方面探讨了与水文生态研究相关的若干问题。山区降水的时空分布及其固态和液态组成主要受高程和地形的影响，而蒸散发主要受不同高程和地形条件下不同土地覆被和下垫面异质性的影响。内陆河流域水循环和水量平衡的基本特征在于流域径流不流失，正常年降水量和蒸散发相等，形成了水汽输送→降水→径流→蒸散发→水汽输送的局地水循环系统。对这种局部水文循环的调查有助于理解内陆河上、中、下游地区之间水文和生态过程的相互关系。目前，对山地水文生态过程及其相互作用的研究还很不充分。在山地冰川、积雪和多年冻土带，应重点研究维持高寒草甸生长的水文条件。在山地植被带，应研究山地林草生态系统在山地水循环中的功能，研究山地林草生态系统在维持和保护山地生态系统和环境中的作用。通过这种方式，我们可以从整体上理解水文过程与生态系统之间的相互作用及其环境意义。内陆河流域的水文过程非常复杂，是多学科综合的。加强对各种水文过程的测量和研究，了解山地产流机理。在这方面，地面测量和遥感监测是相互补偿的。在此基础上，建立反映山地复杂水文过程的物理分布式水文模型。为了在模拟中充分发挥实测数据的作用，需要开发山地水文数据同化系统，形成水文模拟系统。此外，还应在山地流域尺度上开展区域大气-水文耦合模式的研究与开发。从而不断完善气候变化和人类活动下山地径流变化的响应模拟和建模预测。
Taking the mountain watershed at the upper stream of the Heihe River in the Hexi Corridor area in northwest China as an example,some problems with relation to hydrological and ecological researches are discussed from the aspects of mountain hydrological cycle,hydrology and ecosystems,runoff generation and prediction.The spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation and its composition of solid and liquid form are mainly influenced by elevation and topography in the mountains,while evapotranspiration is mainly influenced by various land cover and heterogeneity of underlying surfaces under different elevation and topographic conditions.The basic characteristics of hydrological cycle and water balance of an inland river basin rest with the fact that the runoff does not run out off from the basin,and the normal annual precipitation and evapotranspiration are equal,forming the local hydrological cycle system:water vapor transportation→precipitation→runoff→evapotranspiration→water vapor transporation.The investigation of this local hydrological cycle redounds to the understanding of the interrelationship of hydrological and ecological processes between the areas at the upper,middle and lower streams of an inland river.As yet the researches are very inadequate on mountain hydrological and ecological processes and their interactions.In the mountain glaciers,snow and permafrost zone,the researches should be put on the hydrological conditions to maintain the alpine meadow growing.In the mountain vegetation zone,the ecosystems of mountain forest and grass land should be studied on for their functions in the mountain hydrological cycle and for their role in maintaining and protecting the mountain ecosystems and environment.In this way,we can understand as a whole the interactions between hydrological processes and ecosystems and their environmental significance.The hydrological processes of an inland river basin are very complex,multidisciplinary and comprehensive.The measurements and researches should be strengthened on the various hydrological processes to understand the mechanism of the mountain runoff generation.In this aspect,ground measurements and remote sensing monitoring are mutual compensatory.Based on this,the physical distributed hydrological models should be developed to reflect the complex mountain hydrological processes.In order to bring the measured data into play fully in the simulation,the mountain hydrological data assimilation system should be developed to form the hydrological modeling system.Furthermore,the researches on and developing of the coupled regional atmospheric and hydrologic models should be carried out in the mountain watershed scale.In this way,the incessant improvements of the response simulation and modeling prediction of mountain runoff change will be achieved under the climate change and human activities.