Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and sinusitis during pregnancy and lactation
Diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and sinusitis during pregnancy and lactation
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妊娠期、哺乳期过敏性鼻炎、鼻窦炎的诊治
DOI：
10.1385/criai:27:2:159
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发表时间：
2004
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
G. Incaudo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Incaudo
自世纪晚期以来，人们就认识到妊娠期间的上呼吸道充血症状（1）。在随机选择的妊娠中，多达18-30%的患者将报告鼻炎和鼻窦炎的实质性症状，并且在预先存在特应性疾病的患者中，该数字可能更高（2-4）。“妊娠性鼻炎”可以有多种形式。在本综述的另一章中，Elergard博士讨论了妊娠期鼻炎的一种形式，这种形式是由于妊娠期特有的生理变化而发生的。这是区别于其他形式的鼻炎并发症，有时会因怀孕而加重，如过敏性鼻炎和鼻窦炎。过敏性疾病的发病率在育龄妇女中为20-30%（5）。在那些已知过敏的孕妇中，一些研究表明，多达10-30%的孕妇在怀孕期间会出现越来越多的过敏症状，分娩后恢复到正常的孕前状态（5-7）。假定的原因包括那些负责“妊娠鼻炎”，如增加循环血容量引起鼻血管充血和激素对鼻粘膜分泌物的影响，并已在本综述的另一章讨论（8，9）。
Upper airway congestive symptoms during pregnancy have been recognized since the late 19th century (1). Among randomly selected pregnancies, as many as 18–30% of patients will report substantial symptoms of rhinitis and sinusitis, and this figure may be higher among patients with pre-existing atopic disease (2–4). “Rhinitis of pregnancy” can take many forms. In another chapter in this review, Dr. Elergard discusses a form of rhinitis in pregnancy that occurs as a result of physiologic changes specific to pregnancy. This is to be distinguished from other forms of rhinitis coincident sometimes aggravated by pregnancy such as allergic rhinitis and sinusitis.The incidence of allergic conditions is 20–30% among women of childbearing years (5). Of those pregnant women with known allergies, some studies suggest that as many as 10–30% will experience increasing allergic symptoms during their pregnancy returning to their normal pre-pregnancy state after delivery (5–7). Postulated causes include those responsible for “rhinitis of pregnancy” such as increased circulating blood volume giving rise to nasal vascular engorgement and hormonal influences on nasal mucosal secretions and have been discussed in another chapter of this review (8, 9).