Perspectives on sea- and lake-effect precipitaiton from Japan's "Gosetsu Chitai"
Perspectives on sea- and lake-effect precipitaiton from Japan's "Gosetsu Chitai"
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日本“Gosetsu Chitai”对海湖效应降水的看法
DOI：
10.1175/bams-d-18-0335.1
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Nakai, Sento
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Steenburgh, W. James;Nakai, Sento
在日本海附近的日本本州岛和北海道上存在着显著的降雪气候。在这个"gosetsu chitai"（大雪区）的平均年降雪量超过600厘米（235英寸）。在一些接近海平面的城市和1，300厘米（512英寸）在一些山区。大部分的雪福尔斯是在东亚冬季风期间的12月到2月，当时日本海上空经常发生冷空气爆发。由此产生的海洋效应降水系统与北美劳伦特五大湖的湖泊效应降水系统有相似之处，但更深，受区域沿海几何形状和地形的调制，有时可以具有横向模式雪带。根据边界层流动的方向和强度，低地或邻近山区的降雪量可能最大。日本在公共安全、道路和人行道维护以及雪崩缓解方面拥有出色的基础设施，但与雪有关的危害每年夺去100多人的生命。对于冬季娱乐爱好者来说，没有比1月份日本海附近的本州和北海道的山脉更有把握的深粉赌注了，但区域性的降雪气候容易受到全球变暖的影响，尤其是在沿海地区。从历史上看，涉及北美和日本科学家的海洋和湖泊效应降水系统的合作研究一直很有限。根据日本海地区的研究以及北美、日本和其他海洋和湖泊效应地区气象学家的努力，我们对海洋和湖泊效应降水的理解和预测有很大的潜力。
A remarkable snow climate exists on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido near the Sea of Japan. Mean annual snowfall in this “gosetsu chitai” (heavy snow area) exceeds 600 cm (235 in.) in some near-sea-level cities and 1,300 cm (512 in.) in some mountain areas. Much of this snow falls from December to February during the East Asian winter monsoon when frequent cold-air outbreaks occur over the Sea of Japan. The resulting sea-effect precipitation systems share similarities with lake-effect precipitation systems of the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America, but are deeper, are modulated by the regional coastal geometry and topography, and can sometimes feature transversal mode snowbands. Snowfall can maximize in the lowlands or the adjoining mountains depending on the direction and strength of the boundary layer flow. Remarkable infrastructure exists in Japan for public safety, road and sidewalk maintenance, and avalanche mitigation, yet snow-related hazards claim more than 100 lives annually. For winter recreationists, there is no surer bet for deep powder than the mountains of Honshu and Hokkaido near the Sea of Japan in January, but the regional snow climate is vulnerable to global warming, especially in coastal areas. Historically, collaborative studies of sea- and lake-effect precipitation systems involving North American and Japanese scientists have been limited. Significant potential exists to advance our understanding and prediction of sea- and lake-effect precipitation based on studies from the Sea of Japan region and efforts involving meteorologists in North America, Japan, and other sea- and lake-effect regions.