Transport: challenging disabling environments
Transport: challenging disabling environments
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DOI：
10.1080/13549830802259847
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Woodcock, James
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aldred, Rachel;Woodcock, James
本文通过研究交通的作用，汇集了对环境和残疾运动的关注。这两个运动都批评当前的交通政策和实践。残疾人运动分析了它如何边缘化残疾人的需求，而环保主义者则认为当前的交通趋势是不可持续的，并且边缘化了替代方案。尽管这些批评各自独立，甚至看似相互对立，但可以通过扩展残疾的社会模式来制定共同的议程。该社会模型可用于理解如何将汽车主导的交通系统理解为比传统上被认为是“残疾人”的人口更多的残疾人口。该汽车提供了启用能力的技术解决方案，特别是速度和力量，但实际上以多种方式禁用。城市扩张和交通增加了许多“身体健全”和“残疾人”参与和进入的障碍，而汽车的主导地位损害了社会互动并限制了感官知觉。此外，汽车经济是碰撞事故和缺乏身体活动造成损害的主要原因。理解这些需要将残疾的社会模型与损伤的生态社会模型结合起来。这可以表明不平等的社会组织形式如何体现在人和环境中，从而产生损伤、残疾和不利的模式。最后，我们建议制定政策，以实现可持续社会，增加更广泛的社会参与机会。文章认为，这两个运动可以创造社会包容、低能耗、可持续交通的共同愿景并从中受益。
This article brings together the concerns of environmental and disability movements through examining the role of transport. Both movements critique current transport policy and practice. The disability movement has analysed how it marginalises the needs of disabled people, while environmentalists argue current transport trends are unsustainable and marginalise alternatives. Although these critiques operate independently and even seem opposed to each other, a common agenda can be developed through extending the social model of disability. The social model can be used to understand how car-dominated transport systems can be understood as disabling populations larger than those conventionally recognised as "disabled". The car offers the technological fix of enabling abilities, in particular speed and strength, but in practice disables in a number of ways. Urban sprawl and traffic increase barriers to participation and access for many both "able-bodied" and "disabled", while car dominance damages social interaction and limits sensory perception. Furthermore, the car economy is a major cause of impairment through crashes and physical inactivity. Understanding these together requires integrating the social model of disability with an eco-social model of impairment. This can show how unequal forms of social organisation are embodied in people and environments to produce patterns of impairment, disability and disadvantage. Finally we suggest policies to move towards sustainable societies with increased opportunities for broader social participation. The article argues that the two movements can create and benefit from a shared vision of socially inclusive, low-energy, sustainable transport.