Four climate cycles in Vostok ice core
Four climate cycles in Vostok ice core
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DOI：
10.1038/387359a0
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发表时间：
1997-05
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
J. Petit;I. Basile;A. Leruyuet;D. Raynaud;C. Lorius;J. Jouzel;M. Stiévenard;V. Lipenkov;N. Barkov;B. B. Kudryashov-B.;M. Davis;E. Saltzman;V. Kotlyakov
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文献类型：
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作者：
J. Petit;I. Basile;A. Leruyuet;D. Raynaud;C. Lorius;J. Jouzel;M. Stiévenard;V. Lipenkov;N. Barkov;B. B. Kudryashov-B.;M. Davis;E. Saltzman;V. Kotlyakov
俄罗斯-美国和法国在冰中钻探的国际努力取得了技术和科学上的成功，在俄罗斯沃斯托克站达到了3350米的深度(S 78号，东经106度；海拔3488米；平均温度-55摄氏度)。除了是最深的冰芯外，沃斯托克冰芯现在被认为覆盖了过去四个冰川-间冰期周期(-40万年)，这是一个令人惊讶的长气候序列，将成为古气候学家的宝贵工具。5号孔于1990年从地面开始，1994年1月底达到2755米(参考文献1)。由于财政和技术困难，空间站不得不关闭过冬，但在接下来的夏季重新开放。钻探作业重新开始，并由三名俄罗斯钻探者(以N·瓦西里耶夫为首)在整个1995年冬天继续进行。到1996年1月，钻探已经达到3350米，但由于空间站不得不关闭过冬，钻探再次停止。第一个2755米深的冰芯已经提供了最长的未受干扰的冰气候记录(图1)。对氘(OD；代表温度)、尘埃和8180条记录的研究清楚地表明，这个核心几乎覆盖了两个完整的气候周期1·2(-24万年)。这些冰是在1995-96年的野外季节加工的，用于电导率测量(ECM)。除了火山事件，
The Russian-American and French international effort for drilling in ice achieved both a technical and a scientific success by reaching a depth of 3,350 m at the Russian Vostok station (78 S, 106 E; elevation 3,488 m; mean temperature-55 C). In addition to being the deepest ice core, the Vostok core is now believed to cover the past four glacialinterglacial cycles (-400,000 years), a surprisingly long climate sequence which will be a valuable tool for palaeoclimatologists. Hole number 5 started from the surface in 1990 and reached 2,755 mat the end of January 1994 (ref, 1). The station had to be closed for the winter because of financial and technical difficulties, but reopened the following summer season. Drilling operations were restarted and continued through the 1995 winter by three Russian drillers (headed by N. Vassiliev). By January 1996, the drilling had reached 3,350 m, but again was stopped because the station had to close for the winter.The first 2,755-m-deep ice core had already provided the longest undisturbed ice climate record (Fig. 1). Studies of the deuterium (oD; a proxy for temperature), dust and 8180 records clearly showed that this core covers almost two full climate cycles1• 2 (-240,000 years). The ice was processed during the 1995-96 field season for electrical conductivity measurements (ECM). Apart from volcanic events, the