Ochratoxin A: 50 Years of Research.
Ochratoxin A: 50 Years of Research.
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins8070191
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发表时间：
2016-07-04
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Toman J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Malir F;Ostry V;Pfohl-Leszkowicz A;Malir J;Toman J
赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）自被发现以来，作为霉变食品和饲料的天然污染物而普遍存在。OTA的多种毒性作用对人类和动物的健康构成了真实的威胁。例如，OTA可引起猪肾病，但也可损害家禽。暴露于OTA的人类可发展（特别是通过吸入在24小时内发展为急性肾衰竭）一系列慢性疾病，例如上尿路上皮癌。OTA在一些肾脏疾病的发病机制中起主要作用，包括巴尔干半岛的地方性肾病、发生在巴尔干半岛的半岛某些地方性区域的肾肿瘤、以及发生在北方非洲国家和可能在世界其他地区的慢性间质性肾病。OTA导致DNA加合物形成，这是已知的遗传毒性和致癌性。本文讨论了肾脏致癌性和肾毒性如何引起氧化应激和直接遗传毒性。对数据的仔细分析表明，OTA的致癌作用是由于直接和间接机制的结合（例如，遗传毒性、氧化应激、表观遗传因素）。总之，这提供了有力的证据表明，OTA致癌性也可能发生在人类身上。
Since ochratoxin A (OTA) was discovered, it has been ubiquitous as a natural contaminant of moldy food and feed. The multiple toxic effects of OTA are a real threat for human beings and animal health. For example, OTA can cause porcine nephropathy but can also damage poultries. Humans exposed to OTA can develop (notably by inhalation in the development of acute renal failure within 24 h) a range of chronic disorders such as upper urothelial carcinoma. OTA plays the main role in the pathogenesis of some renal diseases including Balkan endemic nephropathy, kidney tumors occurring in certain endemic regions of the Balkan Peninsula, and chronic interstitial nephropathy occurring in Northern African countries and likely in other parts of the world. OTA leads to DNA adduct formation, which is known for its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity. The present article discusses how renal carcinogenicity and nephrotoxicity cause both oxidative stress and direct genotoxicity. Careful analyses of the data show that OTA carcinogenic effects are due to combined direct and indirect mechanisms (e.g., genotoxicity, oxidative stress, epigenetic factors). Altogether this provides strong evidence that OTA carcinogenicity can also occur in humans.