Rotation is visualisation, 3D is 2D: using a novel measure to investigate the genetics of spatial ability.
Rotation is visualisation, 3D is 2D: using a novel measure to investigate the genetics of spatial ability.
复制标题
旋转是可视化，3D 是 2D：使用一种新颖的方法来研究空间能力的遗传学。
DOI：
10.1038/srep30545
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Plomin,Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shakeshaft,NicholasG;Rimfeld,Kaili;Schofield,KerryL;Selzam,Saskia;Malanchini,Margherita;Rodic,Maja;Kovas,Yulia;Plomin,Robert
空间能力——广义上定义为操纵物体心理表征及其之间关系的能力——已被广泛研究，但对其性质或结构尚未达成一致。两种主要的假定空间能力是“心理旋转”（旋转心理模型）和“可视化”（复杂的操作，例如从不完整的信息中识别对象），但关于它们之间的关系，人们提出了不一致的发现。对于二维和三维刺激之间的关系也有类似的不一致的发现。行为遗传学方法为研究这种关系提供了一种尚未开发的方法。来自双胞胎早期发育研究的 1,265 对双胞胎完成了新颖的“砖块”测试电池，旨在单独开发这些能力。结果表明，整体空间能力所特有的巨大遗传影响，但表明在相同条件下测试时，更具体的结构（2D 和 3D 中的旋转和可视化）之间的分离消失：它们在表型上高度相关，在遗传上完全相关（表明相同的遗传影响支撑性能），并且与其他能力类似地相关。这对空间能力的结构具有重要意义，表明明显子域的扩散有时可能反映了特殊的任务，而不是有意义的分离。
Spatial abilities–defined broadly as the capacity to manipulate mental representations of objects and the relations between them–have been studied widely, but with little agreement reached concerning their nature or structure. Two major putative spatial abilities are “mental rotation” (rotating mental models) and “visualisation” (complex manipulations, such as identifying objects from incomplete information), but inconsistent findings have been presented regarding their relationship to one another. Similarly inconsistent findings have been reported for the relationship between two- and three-dimensional stimuli. Behavioural genetic methods offer a largely untapped means to investigate such relationships. 1,265 twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study completed the novel “Bricks” test battery, designed to tap these abilities in isolation. The results suggest substantial genetic influence unique to spatial ability as a whole, but indicate that dissociations between the more specific constructs (rotation and visualisation, in 2D and 3D) disappear when tested under identical conditions: they are highly correlated phenotypically, perfectly correlated genetically (indicating that the same genetic influences underpin performance) and are related similarly to other abilities. This has important implications for the structure of spatial ability, suggesting that the proliferation of apparent sub-domains may sometimes reflect idiosyncratic tasks rather than meaningful dissociations.