Evaluating Measurement Accuracy: A Practical Approach
Evaluating Measurement Accuracy: A Practical Approach
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评估测量精度：实用方法
DOI：
10.5860/choice.48-0231
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Rabinovich
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Rabinovich
前言第一章：测量理论的一般概念*基本概念和术语*基本计量问题*计量国际合作的新形式*测量理论的假设*测量分类*测量误差分类*测量不准确度评定的一般方法*测量结果的陈述第二章：测量仪器及其特性测量仪器的种类2.2.测量仪器的计量特性2.3.测量仪器的误差评定2.4.测量仪器的动态特性2.5.计量器具的校准和检定2.6.设计校准方案2.7.测量仪器误差的统计分析第三章：实验数据处理的统计方法描述随机量的方法3.2。统计估计数所需经费3.3.正态分布参数的估计3.4。剔除离群性数据3.5。置信度区间的构造3.6。检验关于分布函数3.7的形式的假设。样品的均质性测试3.8。稳健的估计为3.9。贝叶斯定理的应用第四章：直接测量4.1。单次测量和多次测量之间的关系4.2。初级错误的分类4.3。基本误差建模4.4.均匀分布的组成4.5.4.精密测量方法。参考条件下使用测量仪器进行单次测量的准确度4.7。在额定条件下使用测量仪器进行单次测量的准确度4.8。多次测量的精确度4.9。合并系统误差和随机误差的不同方法的比较第5章：间接测量术语和分类5.2.相关系数及其计算5.3。传统的实验数据处理方法为5.4。5.传统方法的优缺点。还原的方法为5.6。转型的方法5.7.间接测量的总不确定度5.8。单次间接测量的准确度为5.9。一系列仪器的单次测量精度5.10。蒙特卡罗方法的应用第6章：合并和同时测量6.1.关于最小二乘法6.2的概述。使用线性等精度条件方程进行测量6.3。使用线性不等精度条件方程进行测量6.4。非线性条件方程的线性化6.5。最小二乘法6.6的应用实例。关于从经验数据中确定公式中参数的概述6.7。测量传感器传递函数的构造第7章：综合测量结果7.1.介绍性说明7.2.理论原则7.3.加权误差对加权平均数7.4.误差的影响结合以随机误差为主的7.5的测量结果。合并包含系统误差和随机误差的测量结果7.6。综合单次测量的结果第8章：测量实例和测量数据处理8.用指针式仪器8.1.1进行电压测量。测量不准确度的先验估计8.1.2。测量不准确度的通用估计8.1.3。个人对测量不准确的估计8.2.使用电位器和分压器进行电压测量8.3。质量量度比较8.4。高频功率测量8.5。电阻电阻的间接测量8.5.1。传统方法的应用8.5.2。8.6.归约方法的应用。固体密度的测量8.6.1。传统方法的应用8.6.2。变换法的应用8.7。用补偿法8.8测量电离电流。来源中核素活度的测量第9章：结论9.1.测量数据处理：过去、现在和下一步9.2。关于《国际计量词汇》(VIM)9.3的说明。《测量不确定度表示指南》附录缩略词索引词汇引用表的缺陷
Preface Chapter 1: General Concepts in the Theory of Measurement * Basic Concepts and Terms * The Basic Metrological Problems * New Forms of International Cooperation in Metrology * Postulates of the Theory of Measurements * Classification of Measurements * Classification of Measurement Errors * General Approach to Evaluation of Measurement Inaccuracy * Presentation of Measurement Results Chapter 2: Measuring Instruments and Their Properties 2.1. Types of Measuring Instruments 2.2. Metrological Characteristics of Measuring Instruments 2.3. Rating of the Errors of Measuring Instruments 2.4. Dynamic Characteristics of Measuring Instruments 2.5. Calibration and Verification of Measuring Instruments 2.6. Designing a Calibration Scheme 2.7. Statistical Analysis of Measuring Instrument Errors Chapter 3: Statistical Methods for Experimental Data Processing 3.1. Methods for Describing Random Quantities 3.2. Requirements for Statistical Estimates 3.3. Evaluation of the Parameters of the Normal Distribution 3.4. Elimination of the Outlying Data 3.5. Construction of Confidence Intervals 3.6. Testing Hypotheses about the Form of the Distribution Function 3.7. Testing for Homogeneity of Samples 3.8. Robust Estimations 3.9. Application of the Bayes' Theorem Chapter 4: Direct Measurements 4.1. Relation between Single and Multiple Measurements 4.2. Classification of Elementary Errors 4.3. Modeling of Elementary Errors 4.4. Composition of Uniform Distributions 4.5. Methods of Precise Measurements 4.6. Accuracy of Single Measurements Using Measuring Instruments under Reference Conditions 4.7. Accuracy of Single Measurements Using Measuring Instruments under Rated Conditions 4.8. Accuracy of Multiple Measurements 4.9. Comparison of Different Methods for Combining Systematic and Random Errors Chapter 5: Indirect Measurements 5.1. Terminology and Classification 5.2. Correlation Coefficient and its Calculation 5.3. The Traditional Method of Experimental Data Processing 5.4. Merits and Shortcomings of the Traditional Method 5.5. The Method of Reduction 5.6. The Method of Transformation 5.7. Total Uncertainty of Indirect Measurements 5.8. Accuracy of Single Indirect Measurements 5.9. Accuracy of Single Measurements with a Chain of Instruments 5.10. Application of the Monte Carlo Method Chapter 6: Combined and Simultaneous Measurements 6.1. General Remarks about the Method of Least Squares 6.2. Measurements with Linear Equally Accurate Conditional Equations 6.3. Measurements with Linear Unequally Accurate Conditional Equations 6.4. Linearization of Nonlinear Conditional Equations 6.5. Examples of the Applications of the Method of Least Squares 6.6. General Remarks on Determination of the Parameters in Formulas from Empirical Data 6.7. Construction of Transfer Functions of Measuring Transducers Chapter 7: Combining the Results of Measurements 7.1. Introductory Remarks 7.2. Theoretical Principles 7.3. Effect of the Error of the Weights on the Error of the Weighted Mean 7.4. Combining the Results of Measurements with Predominately Random Errors 7.5. Combining the Results of Measurements Containing both Systematic and Random Errors 7.6. Combining the Results of Single Measurements Chapter 8: Examples of Measurements and Measurement Data Processing 8.1. Voltage Measurement with a Pointed-Type Instrument 8.1.1. A priory Estimation of the Inaccuracy of a Measurement 8.1.2. Universal Estimation of the Inaccuracy of a Measurement 8.1.3. Individual Estimation of the Inaccuracy of a Measurement 8.2. Voltage Measurement with a Potentiometer and a Voltage Divider 8.3. Comparison of Mass Measures 8.4. Measurement of Power at High Frequency 8.5. An Indirect Measurement of the Electrical Resistance of a Resistor 8.5.1. Application of the Traditional Method 8.5.2. Application of the Method of Reduction 8.6. Measurement of the Density of a Solid Body 8.6.1. Application of the Traditional Method 8.6.2. Application of the Method of Transformation 8.7. Measurement of Ionization Current by the Compensation Method 8.8. Measurement of the Activity of Nuclides in a Source Chapter 9: Conclusion 9.1. Measurement Data Processing: Past, Present, and Next Steps 9.2. Remarks on the International Vocabulary of Metrology (VIM) 9.3. Drawbacks of the "Guide to the Expression of the Uncertainty in Measurement" Appendix Glossary References List of Abbreviations Index