Choosing the lesser of two evils, the better of two goods: specifying the roles of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate in object choice
Choosing the lesser of two evils, the better of two goods: specifying the roles of ventromedial prefrontal cortex and dorsal anterior cingulate in object choice
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1640-06.2006
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Blair, James R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Blair, Karina;Marsh, Abigail A.;Blair, James R.
腹内侧前额叶皮层（vmPFC）和背侧前扣带皮层（ACd）被认为是重要的奖励为基础的决策。然而，区分其各自职能贡献的工作才刚刚开始。决策的一个很少受到关注的方面是，做出正确的选择往往会转化为做出更好的选择。因此，反应选择通常发生在两种选择都是可取的情况下（例如，例如，在一个实施例中，从菜单中选择慕斯Au巧克力或奶油焦糖芝士蛋糕），或者在两种选择都不理想的情况下。此外，当与物体相关的增强物在价值上相距很远时，反应选择更容易，而不是靠近在一起。我们使用功能性磁共振成像来描述vmPFC和ACd的功能作用，通过研究决策的这两个方面：（1）决策形式（即，在两个对象之间进行选择以获得更大的奖励或更小的惩罚），以及（2）对象间强化距离（即，与两个物体相关的增强物的差异）。ACd和vmPFC内的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）反应均与决策形式有关，但存在差异。ACd在选择不同的对象以获得较低的惩罚时表现出更大的反应，而vmPFC在选择不同的对象以获得更大的奖励时表现出更大的反应。此外，vmPFC是敏感的强化预期与选择和放弃的选择。与此相反，BOLD内ACd的反应，但不是vmPFC，对象之间的钢筋距离，增加的两个对象的钢筋之间的距离减少。参考ACd和vmPFC功能模型解释这些数据。
The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and dorsal anterior cingulate cortices (ACd) are considered important for reward-based decision making. However, work distinguishing their individual functional contributions has only begun. One aspect of decision making that has received little attention is that making the right choice often translates to making the better choice. Thus, response choice often occurs in situations where both options are desirable (e. g., choosing between mousse au chocolat or creme caramel cheesecake from a menu) or, alternatively, in situations where both options are undesirable. Moreover, response choice is easier when the reinforcements associated with the objects are far apart, rather than close together, in value. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to delineate the functional roles of the vmPFC and ACd by investigating these two aspects of decision making: (1) decision form (i.e., choosing between two objects to gain the greater reward or the lesser punishment), and (2) between-object reinforcement distance (i.e., the difference in reinforcements associated with the two objects). Blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) responses within the ACd and vmPFC were both related to decision form but differentially. Whereas ACd showed greater responses when deciding between objects to gain the lesser punishment, vmPFC showed greater responses when deciding between objects to gain the greater reward. Moreover, vmPFC was sensitive to reinforcement expectations associated with both the chosen and the forgone choice. In contrast, BOLD responses within ACd, but not vmPFC, related to between-object reinforcement distance, increasing as the distance between the reinforcements of the two objects decreased. These data are interpreted with reference to models of ACd and vmPFC functioning.