PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR OF WATERSTRIDERS - TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN REPRODUCTION AND LONGEVITY DURING FOOD STRESS
PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY IN REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR OF WATERSTRIDERS - TRADE-OFFS BETWEEN REPRODUCTION AND LONGEVITY DURING FOOD STRESS
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DOI：
10.2307/2389551
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发表时间：
1991-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
KAITALA, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
KAITALA, A
本文讨论的问题是如何可塑性的生殖行为之间和内waterstrider物种的变化。 我特别关注雌性在食物可获得性变化时，如何在长寿和生殖投资之间进行权衡。 生殖投资和寿命之间的权衡衡量的变化寿命和繁殖力在低食物水平相比，在丰富的食物水平。 权衡的方向进行了比较（1）之间的变种，不同的飞行能力，（2）之间的芬兰和匈牙利种群的Gerris thoracicus Schummel，（3）之间的芬兰G。thoracicus、G.齿腹菌（Zett.）和G. lacustris（L.）结果表明，在所有水平的表型可塑性的差异。 当环境相对稳定或随着世代数的增加，雌性在食物匮乏时保持相对较高的生殖投资，即使以寿命缩短为代价。 在不可预测的环境中，雌性在食物胁迫下减少繁殖，从而维持较长的生殖寿命。胸腔 在芬兰人口中，能飞的女性在食物压力下的寿命比不会飞的女性短。 在匈牙利种群中，不会飞的雌性比会飞的雌性有更高的繁殖力，因此生殖行为的表型可塑性是一个重要的生活史特征。 在最佳食物条件下具有相同生殖潜力的两个雌性之间，生殖和寿命之间的权衡方向可能会有所不同。 因此，这两种雌性对资源的变化有着完全不同的生殖策略。
This paper addresses the question of how plasticity of reproductive behaviour varies between and within waterstrider species. I focus especially on how females differ in trade-offs between longevity and reproductive investment as the food availability changes.I reared long-winged waterstriders in high and low food levels. The trade-off between reproductive investment and longevity was measured as changes in life-span and fecundity at a low food level compared to that at an abundant food level. The direction of trade-off was compared (1) between morphs that differ in flight ability, (2) between Finnish and Hungarian populations of Gerris thoracicus Schummel, and (3) among Finnish G. thoracicus, G. odontogaster (Zett.) and G. lacustris (L.) populations.Results show differences in phenotypic plasticity at all levels. When the environment was relatively permanent or as the number of generations increased, females maintained relatively high reproductive investment when food was scarce even at the cost of reduced life-span. In unpredictable environments, females reduced reproduction during food stress so that they maintained long reproductive life-spans.The cost of being able to fly differed between populations of G. thoracicus. In the Finnish population females that could fly had shorter life-spans during food stress than flightless females. In the Hungarian population flightless females had higher fecundity than flyers.Hence phenotypic plasticity in reproductive behaviour is an important life-history trait. The direction of trade-off between reproduction and longevity may vary between two females that have the same reproductive potential in optimal food conditions. Hence the two females have totally different reproductive tactics in response to variation in resources.