Role of microglia in neurotrauma.

Role of microglia in neurotrauma.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.nurt.2010.07.002
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发表时间:
2010-10
期刊:
Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Byrnes KR
Byrnes KR
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Loane DJ;Byrnes KR

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小胶质细胞是中枢神经系统(CNS)免疫防御系统的主要介质,并且是随后的炎症反应的组成部分。小胶质细胞在受损中枢神经系统中的作用正在受到审查,因为研究已经开始充分探索损伤后炎症如何有助于继发性损伤和功能恢复。小胶质细胞是“好”还是“坏”正在争论中,强烈支持小胶质细胞的双重作用或差异激活。小胶质细胞释放许多调节继发性损伤和损伤后恢复的因子,包括促炎和抗炎细胞因子、趋化因子、一氧化氮、胡萝卜素、生长因子和超氧化物种类。在这里,我们回顾了小胶质细胞的有害和有益的影响方面的复杂和多样的反应的实验工作。此外,小胶质细胞激活的影响在两个例子中枢神经系统损伤-脊髓和创伤性脑损伤-将进行讨论。小胶质细胞活化是CNS组织对损伤的反应的组成部分。因此,未来的研究现在应该集中在阐明小胶质细胞可以被引导以促进最佳功能恢复的信号和机制上。
Microglia are the primary mediators of the central nervous system's (CNS) immune defense system and are integral to the subsequent inflammatory response. The role of microglia in the injured CNS is under scrutiny as research has begun to fully explore how post-injury inflammation contributes to secondary damage and recovery of function. Whether microglia are ‘good’ or ‘bad’ is under debate, with strong support for a dual role or differential activation of microglia. Microglia release a number of factors that modulate secondary injury and recovery after injury, including pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, nitric oxide, prostaglandins, growth factors and superoxide species. Here we review experimental work on the complex and varied responses of microglia in terms of both detrimental and beneficial effects. In addition, the impact of microglial activation in two examples of CNS injury - spinal cord and traumatic brain injury - will be discussed. Microglial activation is integral to the response of CNS tissue to injury. As such, future research should now focus on clarifying the signals and mechanisms by which microglia can be guided to promote optimal functional recovery.
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