Estimation of illicit drugs consumption by wastewater analysis in Paris area (France)
Estimation of illicit drugs consumption by wastewater analysis in Paris area (France)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.04.007
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发表时间：
2010-07-15
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Levi, Yves
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Karolak, Sara;Nefau, Thomas;Levi, Yves
非法药物消费实际上是一个重要的公共卫生问题，需要加以明确界定，以便加以管理。一种新的方法，表示为污水流行病学已提出的道顿和发展的祖卡托。该方法涉及通过测量污水中的药物残留来估计消耗量。已经进行了几项研究，从而对一些欧洲国家的毒品消费情况进行了评估。这项工作，在巴黎地区（法国）进行带来了新的数据，这一评估，并允许比较可卡因和摇头丸的消费与欧洲的estimations.Four废水处理厂（WWTPs）已被保留的研究，考虑到生物处理，容量，地理位置和社会环境。采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了原水和污水处理厂出水中可卡因及其主要代谢产物苯甲酰芽子碱（BZE）、苯丙胺、3，4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（MDMA）和丁丙诺啡的含量。安非他明很少被检测到。辅酶A和BZE的定量水平分别为5 - 282 ng L-1和15 - 849 ng L-1。MDMA和丁丙诺啡的浓度保持在20纳克/升以下。可卡因消耗量估计从可卡因或BZE浓度测量原水和结果显示，药物服用在一周或周末之间的显着差异。本研究中观察到的估计剂量低于其他国家报告的剂量，特别是西班牙和意大利。摇头丸消费量估计低于可卡因。(C)2010爱思唯尔爱尔兰有限公司版权所有。
Illicit drugs consumption is actually an important public health concern that needs to be well defined to be managed. A new method, expressed as sewage epidemiology has been proposed by Daughton and developed by Zuccato. This method involves estimating the consumption from the measurement of drug residues in sewage. Several studies have been carried out, leading to an assessment of drugs consumption in some European countries. This work, carried out in Paris area (France) brings new data to this assessment and allows a comparison of cocaine and MDMA consumptions with European estimations.Four wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been retained for the study, taking into account biological treatment, volume capacity, geographic location and social environment. Cocaine and its major metabolite benzoylecgonine (BZE), amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and buprenorphine were measured in raw water and WWTP effluent using HPLC-MS/MS after SPE extraction. Amphetamine was rarely detected. Cocaine and BZE were quantified at levels from 5 to 282 ng L-1 and 15 to 849 ng L-1, respectively. MDMA and buprenorphine concentrations remained under 20 ng L-1. Cocaine consumption was estimated from cocaine or BZE concentrations measured in raw water and the results showed significant difference in drug taking during week or weekend. The estimated doses observed in this study are lower than those reported for others countries, especially Spain and Italy. MDMA consumption was estimated at lower levels than cocaine. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.