Classifying high-dimensional Gaussian mixtures: Where kernel methods fail and neural networks succeed
Classifying high-dimensional Gaussian mixtures: Where kernel methods fail and neural networks succeed
复制标题
对高维高斯混合物进行分类:核方法失败而神经网络成功的地方
DOI:
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发表时间:
2021
期刊:
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lenka Zdeborov'a
中科院分区:
文献类型:
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作者:
Maria Refinetti;Sebastian Goldt;Florent Krzakala;Lenka Zdeborov'a
A recent series of theoretical works showed that the dynamics of neural networks with a certain initialisation are well-captured by kernel methods. Concurrent empirical work demonstrated that kernel methods can come close to the performance of neural networks on some image classification tasks. These results raise the question of whether neural networks only learn successfully if kernels also learn successfully, despite neural networks being more expressive. Here, we show theoretically that two-layer neural networks (2LNN) with only a few hidden neurons can beat the performance of kernel learning on a simple Gaussian mixture classification task. We study the high-dimensional limit where the number of samples is linearly proportional to the input dimension, and show that while small 2LNN achieve near-optimal performance on this task, lazy training approaches such as random features and kernel methods do not. Our analysis is based on the derivation of a closed set of equations that track the learning dynamics of the 2LNN and thus allow to extract the asymptotic performance of the network as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and other hyperparameters. We finally illustrate how over-parametrising the neural network leads to faster convergence, but does not improve its final performance.
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DOI:
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发表时间:
2018-02
期刊:
ArXiv
影响因子:
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作者:
A. G. Matthews;Mark Rowland;Jiri Hron;Richard E. Turner;Zoubin Ghahramani
通讯作者:
A. G. Matthews;Mark Rowland;Jiri Hron;Richard E. Turner;Zoubin Ghahramani
DOI:
10.1088/1742-5468/ac3a81
发表时间:
2020-06
期刊:
Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment
影响因子:
--
作者:
B. Ghorbani;Song Mei;Theodor Misiakiewicz;A. Montanari
通讯作者:
B. Ghorbani;Song Mei;Theodor Misiakiewicz;A. Montanari
DOI:
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Thirty-seventh International Conference on Machine Learning (ICML
影响因子:
--
作者:
Mignacco, Francesca;Krzakala, Florent;Lu, Yue M;Zdeborová, Lenka
通讯作者:
Zdeborová, Lenka
影响因子:
3
作者:
Song Mei;A. Montanari
通讯作者:
Song Mei;A. Montanari