Temporal and Spatial Variations of Inorganic Nitrogen Levels in Surface and Groundwater Around Hanoi, Vietnam
Temporal and Spatial Variations of Inorganic Nitrogen Levels in Surface and Groundwater Around Hanoi, Vietnam
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DOI：
10.1080/00103620500447025
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发表时间：
2006-02
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
K. Kurosawa;Do Nguyen Hai;N. Huu Thanh;Ho Thi Lam Tra;Tran Thi Le Ha;Nguyen Tat Canh;K. Egashira
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Kurosawa;Do Nguyen Hai;N. Huu Thanh;Ho Thi Lam Tra;Tran Thi Le Ha;Nguyen Tat Canh;K. Egashira
摘要对越南北部农村的地表水和地下水的无机氮污染进行了评估。继2002年10月监测之后，2003年3月和9月在红河三角洲河内附近的三个社区监测了pH值、氨氮和硝态氮浓度。在每个监测时间内，氨氮浓度都超过了适用于地表水和地下水的越南水标准，而硝酸盐氮浓度相对较低，低于相应的标准。地表水中氨氮和硝态氮的浓度在空间和时间上没有明显的变化。地下水中氨氮浓度的时间增长在统计上得到了证实。大量施氮肥和处理动物/人类粪便被认为是氨氮的来源，来自这些来源的铵-N通过地表水和周围土地的渗滤在地下水中稳定积累。地下水中硝态氮浓度存在空间变异。地下水中硝态氮浓度在冲积土低地的群落中尤其低。硝化作用的抑制或反硝化作用的促进是硝态氮浓度偏低的原因。地下水pH也存在空间变异。因此，pH的变化可能与地下水中硝态氮浓度的变化有关。
Abstract Pollution of surface and groundwater by inorganic nitrogen (N) was assessed in farm villages of northern Vietnam. The pH and ammonium‐N and nitrate‐N concentrations were monitored at three communes near Ha Noi in the Red River Delta in March and September 2003, following monitoring in October 2002. In each monitoring time, ammonium‐N concentrations exceeded the Vietnamese water standards applicable to surface and groundwater, whereas the nitrate‐N concentrations were relatively low and below the corresponding standards. Neither spatial nor temporal variation was found in the ammonium‐N and nitrate‐N concentrations of the surface water. A temporal increase in the ammonium‐N concentration was statistically confirmed in the groundwater. Intensively applied fertilizer‐N and disposed animal/human wastes were thought to be sources of ammonium‐N. Ammonium‐N originating from those sources was seen to accumulate steadily in the groundwater through percolation from the surface water and surrounding land. A spatial variation of the nitrate‐N concentration was observed in the groundwater. The nitrate‐N concentration in the groundwater was particularly low in communes located in lowland areas with alluvial soils. The suppression of nitrification or promotion of denitrification was considered to be responsible for the low nitrate‐N concentration. A spatial variation was also found in the groundwater pH. Therefore, variation of the pH may be linked to variation of the nitrate‐N concentration in the groundwater.