Involvement of Non-coding RNAs in Chemo- and Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer
Involvement of Non-coding RNAs in Chemo- and Radioresistance of Colorectal Cancer
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-42059-2_11
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发表时间：
2016-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Russo, Antonio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fanale, Daniele;Castiglia, Marta;Russo, Antonio
尽管最近在了解癌症信号通路和开发新的治疗策略方面取得了进展，然而，结直肠癌（CRC）细胞对化疗和放疗的耐药性是成功治疗的主要障碍，导致肿瘤复发，从而导致预后不良。因此，克服药物和放射抵抗，增强CRC细胞的药物和放射敏感性，提高化疗和放疗的疗效对于CRC的治疗具有重要意义。鉴定能够预测治疗反应和预后的新分子生物标志物是药物基因组学和癌症研究中最重要的目标之一。最近的研究表明，非编码RNA（ncRNA），例如微小RNA（miRNA）和长链非编码RNA（lncRNA），可能在CRC化疗和放射抗性的调节中发挥重要作用，通过控制 多种信号通路，包括细胞周期、增殖、凋亡和 DNA 损伤修复。最近的数据表明，选择性调节 ncRNA 活性可以改善对化疗和放疗的反应，提供基于 ncRNA 相关基因治疗的创新抗肿瘤方法。因此，ncRNA不仅可用作预测和预后生物标志物，还可作为开发新治疗策略的靶标，以克服结直肠癌的药物和放射耐药性。在本章中，我们讨论 ncRNA 在 CRC 化疗和放疗耐药中的作用，强调这些分子在预测治疗反应和治疗修改中的影响，并描述参与这些过程的可能的细胞内途径。
Despite recent progress in understanding the cancer signaling pathways and in developing new therapeutic strategies, however, the resistance of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to chemo-and radiotherapy represents the main hurdle to the successful treatment, leading to tumor recurrence and, consequently, a poor prognosis. Therefore, overcoming drug and radiation resistance, enhancing drug and radiation sensitivity of CRC cells, and improving the effi cacy of chemo-and radiotherapy have an important signifi cance in the treatment of CRC. The identifi cation of new molecular biomarkers which can predict therapy response and prognosis is one of the most signifi cant aims in pharmacogenomics and cancer research.Recent studies showed that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), may play important roles in the regulation of chemo-and radioresistance of CRC, by controlling several signaling pathways, including cell cycle, proliferation, apoptosis and DNA damage repair. Recent data have demonstrated that selective modulation of the ncRNA activity can improve the response to chemo-and radiotherapy, providing an innovative anti-tumor approach based on a ncRNA-related gene therapy. Therefore, ncRNAs could not only be useful as predictive and prognostic biomarkers but also serve as targets for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to overcome drug and radiation resistance in CRC. In this chapter, we discuss the involvement of ncRNAs in chemo-and radiotherapy resistance of CRC, highlighting the impact of these molecules in prediction of the treatment response and modification of the therapy, and describing possible intracellular pathways involved in these processes.