The expanding world of small RNAs in plants.
The expanding world of small RNAs in plants.
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DOI：
10.1038/nrm4085
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Martienssen RA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Borges F;Martienssen RA
植物基因组产生多种小RNA，其在不同但重叠的遗传和表观遗传沉默途径中发挥作用。然而，小RNA类的丰度和多样性在不同的植物物种中不同，这表明环境适应和基因沉默机制之间的协同进化。植物中的小RNA生物合成已经被很好地理解，但我们才刚刚开始揭示它们复杂的调控和活性。在这里，我们讨论了植物小RNA的生物起源，如microRNA，次级小干扰RNA和异染色质小干扰RNA，以及它们的不同的细胞和发育功能，包括生殖转换，基因组印记和副突变。我们还讨论了通过RNA依赖的RNA聚合酶，Dicer和Argonaute蛋白的扩展小RNA定向沉默途径的多样化。
Plant genomes produce a variety of small RNAs that function in distinct, yet overlapping, genetic and epigenetic silencing pathways. However, the abundance and diversity of small RNA classes varies in different plant species, suggesting co-evolution between environmental adaptations and gene silencing mechanisms. Small RNA biogenesis in plants is well understood, but we are just beginning to uncover their intricate regulation and activity. Here, we discuss the biogenesis of plant small RNAs, such as microRNAs, secondary small-interfering RNAs and heterochromatic small-interfering RNAs, and their diverse cellular and developmental functions, including reproductive transitions, genomic imprinting and paramutation. We also discuss the diversification of small RNA-directed silencing pathways through the expansion of RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, Dicer and Argonaute proteins.