Predicting Bioavailability of sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Hyalella azteca using equilibrium partitioning, Supercritical fluid extraction, and pore water concentrations
Predicting Bioavailability of sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to Hyalella azteca using equilibrium partitioning, Supercritical fluid extraction, and pore water concentrations
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DOI：
10.1021/es0702162
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发表时间：
2007-09-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Kreitinger, Joseph P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hawthorne, Steven B.;Azzolina, Nicholas A.;Kreitinger, Joseph P.
测定了6个原沼气厂和2个铝冶炼厂97个沉积物中多环芳烃（PAH）对Hyalella azteca的生物有效性。通过测定18种母体和16种烷基多环芳烃（PAH（34））的索氏提取物、基于温和超临界流体萃取的快速释放物和孔隙水溶解浓度，基于平衡分配和烃麻醉模型预测28 d存活率。总PAH浓度与毒性关系不大。端足类动物在多环芳烃（34）浓度高达2990 μ g/g的沉积物中存活，而多环芳烃（34）浓度低至2.4 μ g/g的沉积物导致了显著的死亡率。使用总可提取物或快速释放浓度的平衡分配显著改善了预测。然而，孔隙水多环芳烃（34）浓度是最好的预测片足类动物的生存和正确分类有毒和无毒的沉积物样品的整体模型效率为90%。烷基多环芳烃占80%的毒性，表明需要仔细测量孔隙水中的16个烷基簇。对来自97个野外沉积物的孔隙水PAH（34）数据与片足类动物存活率进行回归分析，得出平均50%致死残留值为33 μ mol/g脂质，与其他人在受控实验室条件下测定的荧蒽32 μ mol/g脂质一致，从而证明了使用孔隙水PAH（34）浓度时EPA烃麻醉模型的适用性。
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) bioavailability to Hyalella azteca was determined in 97 sediments from six former manufactured-gas plants and two aluminum smelter sites. Measurements of Soxhlet extractable, rapidly released based on mild supercritical fluid extraction, and pore water dissolved concentrations of 18 parent and 16 groups of alkyl PAHs (PAH(34)) were used to predict 28 daysurvival based on equilibrium partitioning and hydrocarbon narcosis models. Total PAH concentrations had little relationship to toxicity. Amphipods survived in sediments with PAH(34) concentrations as high as 2990 mu g/g, while sediments as low as 2.4,mu g/g of PAH(34) resulted in significant mortality. Equilibrium partitioning using either total extractable or rapidly released concentrations significantly improved predictions. However, pore water PAH(34) concentrations were best for predicting amphipod survival and correctly classified toxic and nontoxic sediment samples with an overall model efficiency of 90%. Alkyl PAHs accounted for 80% of the toxicity, demonstrating that careful measurement of the 16 alkyl clusters in pore water is required. Regression analysis of the pore water PAH(34) data from 97 field sediments against amphipod survival resulted in a mean 50% lethal residue value of 33 mu mol/g of lipid, consistent with 32 mu mol/g of lipid for fluoranthene determined by others in controlled laboratory conditions, thus demonstrating the applicability of EPA's hydrocarbon narcosis model when using pore water PAH(34) concentrations.