Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses are unique to humans
Many human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) proviruses are unique to humans
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DOI：
10.1016/s0960-9822(99)80390-x
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发表时间：
1999-08-26
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Lenz, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barbulescu, M;Turner, G;Lenz, J
背景：内源性逆转录病毒有助于宿主基因组的进化，并可能与疾病有关。人类内源性逆转录病毒K（HERV-K）与小鼠乳腺肿瘤病毒相关，存在于人类、猿和猕猴（旧大陆猴）的基因组中。目前还不清楚在灵长类进化中，人类基因组中的全长HERV-K前病毒是在多久以前形成的。使用前病毒特异性探针，十个中的八个被发现存在于一组遗传多样的人类中，但不存在于其他现存的类人猿中。这8种前病毒的完整前整合位点都存在于猿中，第9种前病毒在人类、黑猩猩、倭黑猩猩和大猩猩的基因组中检测到，但在猩猩的基因组中没有检测到。第十只发现在人类，黑猩猩和倭黑猩猩，6个人类特异性的前病毒的完整测序表明，全长开放阅读框架的逆转录病毒蛋白前体Gag-Pro-Pol或Env的每一个都存在于多个provirus.Conclusions：至少有8个全长HERV-K基因组，是在人类生殖系今天整合后，人类从黑猩猩分歧。在最近这些前病毒形成期间，HERV-K复制所需的所有病毒开放阅读框和顺式作用序列必须是完整的。目前，人类基因组中存在所有HERV-K蛋白的多个全长开放阅读框。
Background: Endogenous retroviruses contribute to the evolution of the host genome and can be associated with disease. Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) is related to the mouse mammary tumor virus and is present in the genomes of humans, apes and cercopithecoids (Old World monkeys). It is unknown how long ago in primate evolution the full-length HERV-K proviruses that are in the human genome today were formed.Results: Ten full-length HERV-K proviruses were cloned from the human genome. Using provirus-specific probes, eight of the ten were found to be present in a genetically diverse set of humans but not in other extant hominoids. Intact preintegration sites for each of these eight proviruses were present in the apes, A ninth provirus was detected in the human, chimpanzee, bonobo and gorilla genomes, but not in the orang-utan genome. The tenth was found only in humans, chimpanzees and bonobos, Complete sequencing of six of the human-specific proviruses showed that full-length open reading frames for the retroviral protein precursors Gag-Pro-Pol or Env were each present in multiple proviruses.Conclusions: At least eight full-length HERV-K genomes that are in the human germline today integrated after humans diverged from chimpanzees. All of the viral open reading frames and cis-acting sequences necessary for HERV-K replication must have been intact during the recent time when these proviruses formed. Multiple full-length open reading frames for all HERV-K proteins are present in the human genome today.