Theory of nonequilibrium first-order phase transitions for stochastic dynamics
Theory of nonequilibrium first-order phase transitions for stochastic dynamics
复制标题
随机动力学非平衡一阶相变理论
DOI：
10.1063/1.532394
复制
发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
1.3
通讯作者：
L. Schulman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Gaveau;L. Schulman
给出了一阶相变的动态定义。它基于系统时间演化的主方程描述。当生成时间演化的算子具有孤立的近简并性时，就会出现一阶相变。相反，当系统中发生可描述为一阶相变的现象时，相应的算子具有近简并性。给出了与简并程度和相分离程度相关的估计。这种方法可以追溯到早期关于相变和简并的想法，但现在具有更大的通用性，因为它涉及存在于各种系统中的算子。我们的定义适用于非平衡系统中直观地认为的相变以及有问题的近平衡情况，例如亚稳态。
A dynamic definition of a first-order phase transition is given. It is based on a master equation description of the time evolution of a system. When the operator generating that time evolution has an isolated near degeneracy there is a first-order phase transition. Conversely, when phenomena describable as first-order phase transitions occur in a system, the corresponding operator has near degeneracy. Estimates relating degree of degeneracy and degree of phase separation are given. This approach harks back to early ideas on phase transitions and degeneracy, but now enjoys greater generality because it involves an operator present in a wide variety of systems. Our definition is applicable to what have intuitively been considered phase transitions in nonequilibrium systems and to problematic near equilibrium cases, such as metastability.