A Cognitive Computation Fallacy? Cognition, Computations and Panpsychism
A Cognitive Computation Fallacy? Cognition, Computations and Panpsychism
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DOI：
10.1007/s12559-009-9019-6
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Bishop, John Mark
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Bishop, John Mark
《认知计算》（Cognitive Computation）杂志的定义部分源于这样一种观念，即受生物学启发的计算账户是自然和人工系统中认知过程的核心。许多关于认知的重要方面（记忆、观察学习、决策、奖励预测学习、注意控制等）的研究都是通过使用越来越复杂的计算机程序对各种实验结果进行建模来完成的。通过这种方式，人们对认知的许多组成部分有了更深入的了解。与此同时，在科学和科幻小说中，人们周期性地重新燃起这样的希望：一个人造系统可以被设计成完全具有认知能力和意识，完全依靠它执行适当的计算机程序。然而，虽然计算隐喻在心理学和神经科学的许多领域的有用性是显而易见的，但它并不是没有受到挑战，在本文中，我将回顾一组哲学论点，这些论点要么表明计算主义中这种明确的乐观主义是错误的——计算对于认知既不是必要的也不是充分的——要么表明泛心论（相信物质宇宙基本上由每个元素都是有意识的元素组成）是正确的。最后，我强调了基于交流和互动的认知过程的另一个隐喻。
The journal of Cognitive Computation is defined in part by the notion that biologically inspired computational accounts are at the heart of cognitive processes in both natural and artificial systems. Many studies of various important aspects of cognition (memory, observational learning, decision making, reward prediction learning, attention control, etc.) have been made by modelling the various experimental results using ever-more sophisticated computer programs. In this manner progressive inroads have been made into gaining a better understanding of the many components of cognition. Concomitantly in both science and science fiction the hope is periodically re-ignited that a man-made system can be engineered to be fully cognitive and conscious purely in virtue of its execution of an appropriate computer program. However, whilst the usefulness of the computational metaphor in many areas of psychology and neuroscience is clear, it has not gone unchallenged and in this article I will review a group of philosophical arguments that suggest either such unequivocal optimism in computationalism is misplaced-computation is neither necessary nor sufficient for cognition-or panpsychism (the belief that the physical universe is fundamentally composed of elements each of which is conscious) is true. I conclude by highlighting an alternative metaphor for cognitive processes based on communication and interaction.